Mongolia is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

It is reported that the Central Bank has imposed regulatory limits on the Mosan and T-Pay systems, both of which provide e-wallet services. Specifically, for the Mosan system, the maximum account balance is USD 500, with a daily deposit cap of USD 300. For the T-Pay system, the maximum permissible transaction value is USD 300 per day, with a maximum account balance of USD 300.

It is reported that goods imported into Timor-Leste are exempt from import duties if the amount of duty that would otherwise be payable does not exceed USD 10. Given that the country applies a flat 5% tariff to all products, it can be inferred that the de minimis threshold—defined as the minimum value of goods below which customs duties are not levied—is set at USD 200. This is the threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

Law No. 8/2016 on Consumer Protection and Decree-Law No. 12/2024 on E-Commerce and Electronic Signatures provide a comprehensive consumer-protection framework that also applies to online transactions.
Law No. 8/2016 applies broadly to goods and services supplied by domestic or foreign, public or private actors. It establishes core consumer rights, including safety, information, protection of economic interests, and protection against misleading or abusive advertising. It also requires clear pre-contractual information, provides remedies for defective goods or services, and renders unfair contractual terms null and void.
For e-commerce specifically, Decree-Law No. 12/2024 complements this regime by establishing rules applicable to online transactions. Art. 1 sets out the legal regime for electronic transactions, while Art. 2 applies the Decree-Law to e-commerce sales of goods or services to persons in Timor-Leste, without prejudice to the application of consumer-protection law. Arts. 52–53 require e-commerce providers to disclose key information on the trader, prices, delivery, cancellation, complaints, and returns, including a minimum seven-business-day return period and seller-paid returns for defective or misdescribed products.

Timor-Leste has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Timor-Leste has enacted national legislation, namely the Decree-Law No. 12/2024, which is founded upon and influenced by the standards set forth in the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Timor-Leste has enacted national legislation, namely the Decree-Law No. 12/2024, which is founded upon and influenced by the standards set forth in the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

Pursuant to Art. 4 of Government Decree No. 9/2008, contracts for mobile telecommunications services involving SIM cards must include verified identification of the user. For natural persons, this entails presenting a current identity document bearing a photograph. For legal entities, identification must be established through a registration certificate or an equivalent document attesting to the company’s legal existence. Foreign users are reportedly required to present a valid passport at the time of purchase. Additionally, under Art. 6.1, service providers are required to retain user identification data, in either physical or electronic form, for a minimum of five years following the conclusion of the contract.

In accordance with the schedules outlined in Annex I of the "ANC Guidelines on Registration", registrants of telecommunications services—including those providing international simple resale services, resale of leased circuit services, public internet access services, virtual private network services, managed data network services, mobile virtual network operations, IP telephony services, satellite mobile telephone or data services, and mobile communications on aircraft—are required to register their subscribers and maintain a comprehensive register containing detailed records of their personal particulars.

Chapter V of "Decree-Law No. 15/2012 of 28 March 2012 on the Regulation of the Telecommunications Sector" stipulates that any individual or entity intending to provide telecommunications services must register with the National Communications Authority. In accordance with annex A of the "ANC Guidelines on Registration", the scope of different types of services encompasses cross-border services either originating from or terminating within Timor-Leste. These include, but are not limited to, the following categories: virtual private network (VPN) services, internet-based voice and data services (VoIP), value-added network application services, and machine-to-machine (M2M) services.

Under Art. 32(1) of the Customs Code, a customs broker licence is required only where a person submits a customs declaration in the name of, or on behalf of, another person. However, it is reported that, in practice, most imports into Timor-Leste require the involvement of a licensed customs broker. These brokers are authorised by the Timor-Leste Customs Authority to act on behalf of importers or exporters, including by submitting customs declarations through the Automated System for Customs Data (ASYCUDA), the electronic platform used by the Timor-Leste Customs Service.

It is reported that exporting goods from Timor-Leste requires the use of a licensed customs broker. Authorised by the Timor-Leste Customs Authority, these private-sector professionals act on behalf of exporters to submit customs declarations and provide the necessary documentation, including export licences and certificates of origin. Customs brokers facilitate shipment clearance in compliance with regulatory requirements.

It is reported that Timor-Leste lacks a formal mechanism for conducting transparent public consultations on all draft legislative proposals concerning technical regulations, standards, and conformity assessment procedures. It is noted that no such technical regulations, standards, or conformity assessment procedures—such as testing, inspection, or certification—are currently in place for either domestically produced or imported goods.