Art. 33 of the Public Procurement and Contracting Law establishes the obligation to register an address in Paraguay or to designate a local representative for the purposes of the relevant communications at the time of contracting in the case of a foreign bidder.

According to Art. 33 of the Public Procurement and Contracting Law, in international contracting procedures, the bidders shall grant the benefit of a 10% margin of preference to bids that incorporate (i) the use of the country's human resources and (ii) the acquisition and lease of goods produced in the Republic of Paraguay.

In accordance with Art. 27 of the Public Procurement and Contracting Law, an Annual Public Procurement Program is established to promote micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). This program must specify expenditure items and categories from the Catalog of Goods, Services, Consultancy, and Public Works that are designated for preferential contracting with MSMEs. The Law requires each entity to set an annual market reserve for MSMEs, aiming to reach 20% within a period not exceeding five years from the law's enactment.

Paraguay is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). However, the country has been an observer of the WTO GPA since 2019.

It is reported that the telecommunications sector is open to competition, except for fixed lines and international carrier services, which remain under State monopoly with the "Compañía Paraguaya de Comunicaciones". This is despite full foreign ownership being allowed in the telecommunications sector.

The Consumer Protection Act (Chapter 14:44) of 2019 provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions.

Zimbabwe has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Zimbabwe has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Zimbabwe has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

According to Art. 47 of the Mid-Term Monetary Policy Statement, users are restricted to only one mobile wallet account per person and a daily transfer limit of ZW 5,000 (approx. USD 50). This applies to individuals for person-to-person transfers, person-to-merchant payments for goods and services, bill settlement and purchase of airtime. In addition, pursuant to Art. 50 merchants are not allowed to make payments from their wallets. This is also the case for agent mobile money wallets, which have been abolished by the Policy. In this regard, users can no longer make transactions through mobile money agents. It is reported that this is likely to affect customers in rural Zimbabwe who rely on the agents to access mobile money services. These agents gave rural consumers the opportunity to integrate into the financial system.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 10, below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

According to Section 62, the telecommunication apparatus requires approval of the Authority before it is connected for use by a licensee. As a basis of approval, the Authority may publish a notice in the Gazette establishing standards to which an apparatus of a specified description shall conform to be approved. It is reported that self-declaration of conformity is not allowed in Zimbabwe.

Sections 28 and 29 of the Cyber and Data Protection Act establish a framework for the cross-border transfer of data. Data can be transferred to countries that offer adequate protection. In addition, data can be transferred if it is in the public interest to do so. The data subject must provide consent for their information to be transferred. However, this consent may also be implied or offered ambiguously.
Moreover, Section 11 of the Cyber and Data Protection Act prohibits the processing of sensitive personal information unless with the consent of the data subject or where processing is for legitimate purposes. Sensitive data, according to Section 3, includes social, political, and cultural information, as well as health and genetic information, and any information which may be considered as presenting a significant risk to the rights of the data subject.

Zimbabwe has not joined any free trade agreement committing to open transfers of cross-border data flows.

Zimbabwe has a comprehensive regime of data protection in place: the Cyber and Data Protection Act [Chapter 12:07] was promulgated with the policy objective of data privacy and protection of all data collected by Data Controllers both within and outside Zimbabwe depending on the location of the means used to process the said data. The Act seeks to shield the privacy of such information and regulate the way in which such information is stored, used and disclosed.