Pursuant to Art. 12 of Law No. 1240 on Foreign Investment, foreign investors enjoy the same rights and the same means of exercising those rights as Nicaraguan investors. The Act does not establish any statutory limitation on foreign equity participation. Law No. 1240 repealed Law No. 344 on the Promotion of Foreign Investment, which likewise did not impose foreign equity caps.

Pursuant to Art. 92 of Law No. 354 on Patents, Utility Models, and Industrial Designs, where an applicant or rights holder under the Law is domiciled outside Nicaragua, they must be represented by an agent domiciled in Nicaragua.

Nicaragua is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

Nicaragua has a copyright regime governed by Law No. 312. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, which limits the lawful use of copyrighted works by others. Arts. 31-43 outline the exceptions, including the reproduction of copyrighted works by means of reprography for teaching purposes, the reproduction of isolated articles published in the press or short extracts from a work, the reproduction of works for private use by the blind, and the use of a work for parody purposes, among others.

Copyright is not adequately enforced online in Nicaragua. It is reported that there are concerns about optical discs, broadcast media piracy, the use of unlicensed software, and inadequate IP enforcement in the country.

Nicaragua has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

In Namibia, type approval procedures for telecommunications equipment are regulated by the Communications Regulatory Authority of Namibia (CRAN). The conformity requirements reportedly align closely with those of the European Union. The homologation process does not mandate local laboratory testing or engagement with local representatives, as Namibia currently lacks ISO 17000-certified laboratories for conducting these tests. Instead, the regulations permit acceptance of test results from accredited laboratories abroad, provided the necessary supporting documentation is submitted to CRAN.
Under Section 8 of the Regulations in respect of Type Approval and Technical Standards for Telecommunications Equipment, CRAN may accept a declaration of conformity from an applicant if it is accompanied by a certified copy of test reports and data issued by an accredited test laboratory, confirming that the telecommunications equipment for which type approval is sought meets the applicable technical standards.

The Electronic Transactions Act, Chapter 5, requires accreditation of security services and products including those which are meant to encrypt or decrypt data. This accreditation may involve the technical analysis of the services. The specific requirements for such technical analysis are not listed.

Namibia does not implement any de minimis threshold, which is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties.

Namibia lacks a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that applies to online transactions.

Namibia has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Namibia has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Namibia has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

Namibia has not appended the World Trade Organization (WTO) Telecom Reference Paper to its schedule of commitments.