The Telecommunications and Radiocommunications (Consumer Protection) Regulations Order No.157 of 2015 provides a comprehensive consumer protection framework that also applies to online transactions.

Vanuatu has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Vanuatu has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

It is reported that passive infrastructure sharing is not mandated, but it is practised in the market in both the mobile and fixed sectors (based on commercial agreements).

According to Section 37 of the Telecommunication Radio Communication Broadcasting Regulator's Act, both functional and accounting separation is mandated for operators with significant market power.

Vanuatu has appended the World Trade organization (WTO) Telecom Reference Paper to its schedule of commitments.

It is reported that the Telecommunications and Radiocommunications Regulator, the executive authority for the supervision and administration of services in the telecommunications sector, is independent from the government in the decision-making process.

Vanuatu has not joined any agreement with binding commitments to open transfers of data across borders.

Vanuatu lacks a comprehensive regime on data protection. As stated in the webpage of the Office of the Government Chief Information Officer: "The legislation in regards to ICT, including The Digital Data Protection and Privacy Bill, is still on ongoing process".

According to Part IV of the E-Business act, companies carrying any electronic business must appoint a data protection officer.

The Electronic Transactions Act establishes a safe harbour regime for intermediaries for copyright infringements. According to Art. 26 of the Act, an intermediary is not subject to any civil or criminal liability in respect of any information contained in an electronic record in respect of which the intermediary provides services if the intermediary was not the originator of that electronic record and the intermediary: (a) has no actual knowledge that the information gives rise to civil or criminal liability, or (b) is not aware of any facts or circumstances from which the likelihood of civil or criminal liability in respect of the information ought reasonably to have been known; or (c) follows the procedure set out in section 27 if the intermediary: (i) acquires knowledge that the information gives rise to civil or criminal liability; or (ii) becomes aware of facts or circumstances from which the likelihood of civil or criminal liability in respect of the information ought reasonably to have been known.

The Electronic Transactions Act establishes a safe harbour regime for intermediaries beyond copyright infringements. According to Art. 26 of the Act, an intermediary is not subject to any civil or criminal liability in respect of any information contained in an electronic record in respect of which the intermediary provides services if the intermediary was not the originator of that electronic record and the intermediary: (a) has no actual knowledge that the information gives rise to civil or criminal liability, or (b) is not aware of any facts or circumstances from which the likelihood of civil or criminal liability in respect of the information ought reasonably to have been known; or (c) follows the procedure set out in section 27 if the intermediary: (i) acquires knowledge that the information gives rise to civil or criminal liability; or (ii) becomes aware of facts or circumstances from which the likelihood of civil or criminal liability in respect of the information ought reasonably to have been known.

Clause 10 of the SIM Card Registration Regulation Order No. 105 stipulates that individuals intending to purchase a SIM card are required to present a valid identification card or document to the licensed provider.

Vanuatu is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).