Law No. 46 of 2008 on Consumer Protection provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions. According to Art. 4 of the Law, its provisions apply to all transactions and contracts related to goods and services offered through both traditional and modern means of trade, including electronic commerce that involves the processing and transfer of electronic data and information via computers, email, telegram, fax, photocopying, the Internet, or any other newly developed means recognised internationally or locally.

Yemen has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Yemen has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

According to Art. 3 of the Telecommunications Law No. 38 of 1991, the Ministry of Communications is mandated to license and authorise any natural or legal person to import materials and equipment used in communications networks.

According to Art. 21 of the Labour Law, the number of non-Yemeni workers hired by any employer may not exceed 10% of the total number of Yemeni employees. The Minister has the power to adjust this percentage, either upward or downward, as deemed necessary and in accordance with policies approved by the Council of Ministers.

Pursuant to Art. 3 of the Telecommunications Law No. 38 of 1991, the Ministry of Communications is responsible for licensing and authorising any natural or legal person to export materials and equipment used in communications networks.

According to Art. 19 of the Foreign Trade Law, individuals or entities engaged in export activities must hold a valid commercial registration under the export category and possess a valid membership card from the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. It is reported that the high costs and lengthy procedures associated with registration and export licensing impose a considerable bureaucratic burden on export-oriented businesses, particularly on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).

A basic legal framework on intermediary liability for copyright infringement is absent in Yemen's law and jurisprudence.

A basic legal framework on intermediary liability beyond copyright infringement is absent in Yemen's law and jurisprudence.

It is reported that mobile network operators are required to collect and store a user's personal information and proof of identity for SIM registration. The relevant legislation could not be found.

It is reported that access to certain news websites, VoIP services, VPNs, and social media platforms in Yemen has been restricted since 2014. Several domestic and international news outlets, including Al-Masdar Online, Khabar Agency, Mareb Press, Al-Wahdawi Net, Al-Eshteraky.Net, Al-Arabiya, Al-Jazeera, and Al-Arabi Al-Jadid, have reportedly been blocked and remain inaccessible to users in parts of the country. Moreover, Yemen has experienced recurring restrictions on social media, VPNs, and VoIP services. For instance, since 2017, WhatsApp has been intermittently blocked. Similarly, in 2022 and 2023, the state-owned telecommunications company YemenNet reportedly blocked several communication platforms, including Zoom, Google Meet, Imo, Google Duo, and Signal, thereby limiting access to online communication services.

The indicator "7.2.4 - Government Internet shut down in practice" of the V-Dem Dataset, which measures whether the government has the technical capacity to actively make internet service cease, thus interrupting domestic access to the internet or whether the government has decided to do so, has a score of 2 in Yemen for the year 2024. This corresponds to "The government shut down domestic access to the Internet several times this year".

The Public Telecommunications Corporation (PTC), which controls the national infrastructure backbone and the fixed-line network, is fully owned by the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Technology (MoTIT). Through the PTC, the state holds a 75% share in TeleYemen, which provides international connectivity via submarine and terrestrial cables, as well as satellite links, along with web hosting, data transmission, domain name, and IP address services, and international voice communications. The government, through the PTC, is aòsp the sole owner of YemenNet, which provides fixed broadband, hosting and domain services, and data transmission. Furthermore, Yemen Mobile is majority state-owned (PTC 59%, other public stakeholders 17%, and private shareholders 23%) and offers both fixed and mobile broadband services. Finally, AdenNet, established in 2018, is fully owned by MoTIT–IRG (the part of MoTIT that operates under the Internationally Recognised Government) and provides wireless broadband and international calling services.

Yemen does not mandate functional or accounting separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market.

Yemen does not have a standardised licensing framework for telecommunications services. Law No. 38 of 1991 Pertaining to Wired and Wireless Telecommunications, which is the main law regulating the telecom sector, has reportedly become outdated and inadequate for regulating modern technologies and mobile services. According to Art. 23, no person may establish a wireless transmission station or install or operate any wireless equipment within the territory of Yemen unless duly authorised or licensed under the Law. However, there is no framework available to grant this authorisation. The law also establishes that the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Technology (MoTIT) is responsible for ensuring the provision of telecommunications services throughout the Republic of Yemen, and it is empowered to license and authorise any natural or legal person to establish, operate, or use telecommunications networks within Yemen or between Yemen and other countries (Art. 3).
Since 2014, the country has experienced an administrative division of MoTIT, resulting in the coexistence of two separate governing authorities within MoTIT with overlapping mandates, namely the Internationally Recognised Government (IRG) in Aden and the De Facto Authorities (DFA) in Sana’a. Each authority has issued its own resolutions and decisions, such as the DFA’s Cabinet Resolution No. 7 of 2015 on mobile operator licensing and Decision No. 168 of 2016 on telecommunications numbering management, leading to inconsistent and at times conflicting regulatory practices within the country. This resulted in fragmentation and a lack of transparency. It is reported that private operators are regulated through individual, asymmetrical licensing agreements that are often outdated, inconsistently renewed, and issued without clear or transparent procedures, further contributing to regulatory uncertainty.