According to Art. 48 of the Supreme Decree No. 27328, the government must give priority to small and micro producers and "campesino" associations in purchases of less than one million Bolivianos (Bs. 1,000,000.00/ approx 145,700 USD). In addition, the government requires fewer guarantees and imposes fewer requirements on Bolivian suppliers that qualify as small or micro-producers or as "campesino" associations.

It is reported that the bidding process in Bolivia is not transparent as Government requirements and bidding details are not always defined, and procurement announcements are not always made public. Among other things, none of the state-owned companies in the strategic sectors (including the telecommunications sector) are required to publish tenders through the official procurement website "Sistema de Información de Contrataciones Estatales". In addition, concerns are raised that these state-owned companies are not obliged to follow the procedures established in the national procurement law.

According to Art. 6 of the Supreme Decree No. 27328, in the contracting of consulting services, international companies can only participate in partnership with local consulting firms. Moreover, under Art. 39, foreign consultants are required to transfer their technology and knowledge to be hired under public procurement.

According to Art. 25 of the Supreme Decree No. 27328, the Qualification Committee may apply a margin of national preference for national and international public calls for proposals. For proposals of nationally manufactured goods, whose percentage of national components (inputs and labor) are between 30% and 50% of the gross production cost, benefit from a margin of preference of 15%, while for proposals whose percentage of components is greater than or equal to 51% of national origin (inputs and labor) of the gross cost of production, the applicable margin of preference goes up to 20%.

According to Art. 19 of the Supreme Decree No. 27328, public calls for national purchases of up to Bs. 8,000,000 (approx. 1,166,000 USD), shall be directed exclusively to national production companies legally established in Bolivia. Foreign companies are excluded from these processes unless there is no national providers available to be contracted. In the event that the public bidding process is declared void, in accordance with the grounds set forth in Art. 28 of the Supreme Decree, another public bidding process shall be carried out to allow the participation of foreign bidders.

According to Art. 19 of the Supreme Decree No. 27328, the participation of foreign bidders in public bids may be limited according to national security policies, strategies and criteria, in accordance with applicable legal provisions.

Bolivia is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

Türkiye has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

In July 2020, the Law on Regulating Broadcasting on the Internet and Fighting against Crimes Committed through Internet Broadcasting was amended. The amendment requires that providers of social network services in Türkiye with daily access of more than one million users should appoint at least one authorized person as a representative in Türkiye to ensure access to competent authorities. The social network provider should notify the Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK) of this person's identity and contact information. In addition, if the representative has to be a Turkish citizen.

The Law on Consumer Protection provides a comprehensive consumer protection framework that also applies to online transactions. The general consumer protection law was updated in 2013 in order to be harmonized with the EU framework covering all consumer transactions.

Türkiye has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Türkiye has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Türkiye does not implement any de minimis threshold, which is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties.

According to Code No. 6493 on Payment and Security Settlement Systems, Payment Services and Electronic Money Institutions, e-money and e-payment services providers must be licensed by the Central Bank of Türkiye in order to operate in Türkiye. Furthermore, e-money institutions and payment service providers are required to establish their Turkish entities and localize their Turkish businesses by June 2015. However, the conditions and procedures for foreign payment service providers who wish to provide payment services in Türkiye are currently under review.