Jamaica is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

Jamaica is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), nor does it have observer status.

It has been reported that the procurement process needs some review because many procurements take too long in many government agencies and ministries.

According to The Public Procurement Act, there are no specific sectors where international bidders are excluded. However, according to Art. 24, any public entity may carry out contracting through restricted bidding when, given the nature of the contracting, it is in the public interest that it be confidential, and restricted bidding is necessary to maintain confidentiality.

Jamaica is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

Kazakhstan has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Kazakhstan has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

Kazakhstan has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

The Law on Protection of Consumer Rights provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions. Art. 33 of the Law on Protection of Consumer Rights includes provisions on the protection of e-consumers. Additionally, e-consumers enjoy all other privileges of the normal consumers.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 580.

According to Art. 56 of the Law on Informatization requires that internet resources with ".kz" and ".қaz" domains must be hosted on hardware and software complexes located in Kazakhstan. In other words, an internet resource (website, web application, web service) using a ".kz" or ".қaz" domain must be hosted on a server in a data center located in Kazakhstan. The server must also be connected to a Kazakh internet provider and use a (dedicated or shared) Kazakhstan IP address. It is reported that the owners of Internet resources were originally required to start using Kazakhstan's data centers by November 2020, however, since the related transition required additional costs and time, the deadline for meeting this requirement was extended to February 2021.

According to Art. 7 of Law No. 167-VІ SAM on Monetary Regulation and Foreign Exchange Control (which repealed Law No. 57 of 2005 on Monetary Regulation in July 2018), the use of a local bank is mandatory for settlements in foreign currency between residents of the KR and non-residents. Exceptions are settlements made from a foreign bank account of a non-resident, carried out on account of the performance of obligations of a resident (e.g. when a foreign parent company pays its local branch in the KR) and settlements with non-residents made from the resident's account in a foreign bank. Also, settlements between residents of the KR (including local branches of foreign non-financial legal entities considered residents) must be made in local currency.

In accordance with subparagraph 4-1 of Art. 7 of Law No. 544, the Minister of National Economy of Kazakhstan ordered the approval of the Rules of Domestic Trade (Order No. 264). Arts. 105-1 and 106-1 of the Rules mandate e-commerce sellers to indicate their BIN (business identification number), address of business operations on the territory of Kazakhstan and mobile telephone number registered in Kazakhstan in order to operate in the country. Additional information on this requirement is found in Annex 3-10 of Order No. 4.

According to Article 16 of the Law on Communication, technical means of communications used in the telecommunications network of the Republic of Kazakhstan are subject to procedure of mandatory conformity acknowledgment by the authorities. The equipment has to be submitted to certification bodies recognized (or approved) by the regulator for certification.