Libya has not joined any agreement with binding commitments to open transfers of data across borders.

Libya does not have a comprehensive regime in place for all personal data, but it has some sectoral regulations. Chapter 7 of Law No. 6-2022 on electronic transactions stipulates some general provisions for the protection of private data (Arts. 73-79).

Art. 74 of Law No. 6-2022 allows the Government to obtain or require disclosure of personal data without a court order in the following cases:
- To obtain personal data based on an official request from investigating authorities,
- If the data is necessary for the purpose of preventing or detecting a crime or a law;
- To obtain personal data to estimate or collect any tax or duty;
- To protect the vital, urgent interest of the person.

Libya is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

Libya has a copyright regime under the Law No. 9 of 1968, issuing the Copyright Protection Law. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, therefore limiting the lawful use of copyrighted work by others. Arts. 14-17 list the exceptions, which include copying articles in newspapers and periodicals, statements or speeches on television and radio, short quotations in school books, among others.

Libya has not signed the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Libya has not signed the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.

Libya lacks a comprehensive regime for the protection of trade secrets.

There is no obligation for passive infrastructure sharing in Libya to deliver telecom services to end users, and it is not practised in both the mobile and fixed sectors based on commercial agreements.

Foreign investors face no specific restrictions under Law No. (22) of 1378 FDP (2010 AD) on Telecommunications. However, it is reported that the fixed telecom sector is reserved exclusively for the state-owned Libyan Post Telecommunications and Information Technology Company (LPTIC). The regulatory framework defines three licensing categories in the telecommunications sector:
- Category I: Required for establishing or operating public telecom networks or infrastructure that uses national resources, such as frequency spectrum. This includes fixed and mobile networks, international communications, and any other services designated by the Authority.
- Category II: Covers public telecom services that rely on first-category networks or provide additional services using national resources (e.g., numbering) without using natural resources. Examples include ISPs, satellite communication, and value-added services.
- Category III: Applies to private telecom networks or services, either separate from or using capacity from public networks. This includes services like automated vehicle management systems, satellite-based personal communications, and importing radio equipment.
The regulator encourages private sector involvement in Category II and III services but reserves Category I fixed telecom services exclusively for the LPTIC, preventing private operators from entering this sub-sector.

The Libyan government retains significant ownership in the telecommunications sector, primarily through the Libyan Post, Telecommunication and Information Technology Company (LPTIC), one of the country’s largest state-owned enterprises. Established under Art. 1 of Decree No. 63 of 2005 as a public holding company affiliated with the General Authority for Information, Documentation and Communications, LPTIC assumed control of the General Company for Post and Telecommunications, Al Madar Company, Libya Telecommunications and Technology Company, and Libyana Company pursuant to Art. 5 of the same decree. Al Madar Al Jadeed, founded in 1995 as Libya’s first mobile network operator and data provider, remains government-owned, while Libya Telecommunications and Technology Company, created in 1997, currently delivers integrated services including Internet connectivity, voice communications, hosting, and data transfer. Other entities, such as Libyana, also continue to operate under the LPTIC umbrella.

Art. 18 stipulates that foreign participation in joint ventures may not exceed 75%; however, this limit may be raised to a maximum of 89% by a reasoned decision of the Minister.

Foreign investors face no specific restrictions under Law No. (22) of 1378 FDP (2010 AD) on Telecommunications. However, it is reported that the fixed telecom sector is reserved exclusively for the state-owned Libyan Post Telecommunications and Information Technology Company (LPTIC). The regulatory framework defines three licensing categories in the telecommunications sector:
- Category I: Required for establishing or operating public telecom networks or infrastructure that uses national resources, such as frequency spectrum. This includes fixed and mobile networks, international communications, and any other services designated by the Authority.
- Category II: Covers public telecom services that rely on first-category networks or provide additional services using national resources (e.g., numbering) without using natural resources. Examples include ISPs, satellite communication, and value-added services.
- Category III: Applies to private telecom networks or services, either separate from or using capacity from public networks. This includes services like automated vehicle management systems, satellite-based personal communications, and importing radio equipment.
The regulator encourages private sector involvement in Category II and III services but reserves Category I fixed telecom services exclusively for the LPTIC, preventing private operators from entering this sub-sector.

Art. 5 of Decree No. 944 stipulates that foreign nationals are prohibited from engaging in import and export activities, which are reserved exclusively for domestic persons.

Under Art. 23 of Decree No. 944, foreign companies may establish branches in Libya provided that a Libyan national is appointed as either the branch manager or the deputy branch manager. This requirement applies to the sectors identified in Art. 21, which include telecommunications and information technology.