According to Art. 14 of the Law on Public Procurement, national treatment for goods originating from foreign countries, as well as works and services performed by foreign suppliers, is applied only under the conditions specified in international treaties ratified by Kazakhstan. The Law also grants the Government of Kazakhstan the right to establish exemptions from national treatment for up to two years to protect the constitutional order, ensure national defence and security, safeguard the domestic market, promote economic development, and support domestic producers.

Art. 39.3 of the Law on Public Procurement states that the purchase of periodicals on electronic carriers and information provision services from international and/or foreign information organisations may be conducted through a single-source method. In this case, the government selects the supplier through an ad hoc decision rather than a tender process. This approach is permitted when a tender fails to result in the conclusion of a public procurement contract. However, decisions regarding single sourcing are reported to lack transparency and competitiveness, creating opportunities for corrupt practices where only companies familiar to the contracting authorities succeed.

It has been reported that practical challenges exist in applying for public tenders, particularly due to the structure of Kazakhstan's e-procurement system. Additionally, there appears to be a concerted effort to promote local suppliers through public procurement. Furthermore, the requirement for foreign bidders to obtain a digital signature certificate is said to undermine the principle of open eligibility.

Kazakhstan is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). However, the country has been an observer of the WTO GPA since 2016.

According to Art. 185 of the Customs Code of Georgia, the importation of goods whose total value does not exceed the threshold of GEL 300 (approx. USD 111), with the exception of alcoholic products, perfumes, toilet water, tobacco and tobacco products, are exempt from import duties. This threshold is lower than the USD 200 threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

The Law on Consumer Rights provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions. Arts. 4(d), 10, and 12 include provisions for the protection of e-consumers.

Georgia has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Georgia has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

A basic legal framework on intermediary liability for copyright infringement is absent in Georigia's law and jurisprudence.

A basic legal framework on intermediary liability beyond copyright infringement is absent in Georigia's law and jurisprudence.

According to Art. 5.1 of Resolution No. 3 of Georgian National Communications Commission on the Approval of the Regulations in respect to the Provision of Services and Protection of Consumer Rights in the Sphere of Electronic Communications, electronic-communication service providers must record and keep information concerning consumers, including the name and surname of the consumer. It is also reported that mobile network operators must collect and store a user's personal information and proof of identity for SIM card registration.

In accordance with Art. 10.2 (c) of Resolution No. 3 of the Georgian National Communications Commission on the Approval of the Regulations in Respect to the Provision of Services and Protection of Consumer Rights in the Sphere of Electronic Communications, the owner of an Internet site must periodically review any links on the site to ensure that the linked content does not contain offensive or inappropriate material. If such material is found, the site owner must take appropriate measures to remove it.
It is reported that individuals or entities who own a website are required to conduct regular monitoring of their web content to prevent the publication of inadmissible material. However, this monitoring is often not performed consistently and is usually only carried out at the request of the Georgian National Communications Commission.

According, Art. 10.3 of Resolution No. 3 of the Georgian National Communications Commission on the Approval of the Regulations in Respect to the Provision of Services and Protection of Consumer Rights in the Sphere of Electronic Communications, Internet domain issuers must periodically review the content of the websites registered under their domain to prevent the hosting of inappropriate material. Upon discovering such content, the domain issuer must promptly (a) warn the domain owner and set a deadline for the removal of the inappropriate material and (b) block the Internet site if the warning is ignored.
It is reported that individuals or entities who manage an Internet domain are required to conduct regular monitoring of the web content to prevent the publication of inadmissible material. However, this monitoring is often not performed consistently and is usually only carried out at the request of the Georgian National Communications Commission.

Pursuant to Art. 4 of Law No. 1228, advertisements are required to be in the Georgian language, and any trademarks in a foreign language must be accompanied by Georgian text. However, it remains unclear whether these restrictions extend to online advertising.