TUNISIA
N/A
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for any activity other than copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place beyond copyright infringement
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability beyond copyright infringement is absent in Tunisia's law and jurisprudence.
Coverage Internet intermediaries
TUNISIA
Since November 2021
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator User identity requirement
Circular of the Minister of Communications Technologies dated 24 November 2021, regarding the rules regulating the online sale of mobile phone SIM cards
According to paragraph 2 of the Circular of the Ministry of Communications Technologies of November 2021, mobile phone customers in Tunisia must present documentary evidence to prove their identity upon purchasing a SIM card. Telecom operators keep records of customers’ data, including identities, dates of birth, postal addresses, and national identity numbers or passports.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
TUNISIA
Since April 2020
Pillar Content access |
Indicator Restrictions on online advertising
Order of the Minister of Commerce and the Minister of Development, Investment and International Cooperation of 17 April 2020, approving the specifications relating to the organization of the exercise of the profession of commercial advertising agent (Arrêté du ministre du commerce et du ministre du développement, de l’investissement et de la coopération internationale du 17 avril 2020, portant approbation du cahier des charges relatif à l’organisation de l’exercice de la profession d’agent de publicité commerciale)
The specifications for the exercise of the profession of commercial advertising agent, as set out in the "Order of the Minister of Commerce and the Minister of Development, Investment and International Cooperation of 17 April 2020", require natural persons or legal representatives of legal entities wishing to exercise the profession of commercial advertising agent to hold a national licence or its equivalent or to have completed two years of higher education and to provide evidence of at least one year's professional experience in an advertising agency (Art. 3) and to be of Tunisian nationality (Art. 4). The specifications also require that the legal entity be subject to Tunisian law, be managed by Tunisians and that its foreign capital not exceed 50% (Art. 7). Arts. 6 and 8 of the specifications also require natural and legal persons to provide a bank guarantee. Annexe 2 of the specifications describes the types of activities carried out by commercial advertising agents, including digital communication agencies, which deal with the development of websites and online applications, the creation and management of online content, and the management of social media networks.
Coverage Commercial advertising
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220220223840/https://www.pist.tn/jort/2020/2020F/Jo0342020.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250722210614/https://freedomhouse.org/country/tunisia/freedom-net/2022
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241121181413/https://commerce.gov.tn/storage/cahier-charge-agrements/February2023/Zs8rVMF0uftGnxzw6UJO.pdf
- https://communication.commerce.elastic-solutions.com/exercice-de-la-profession-d-agent-de-publicite-commercial
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TUNISIA
Since February 2004
Since May 2004
Since May 2004
Pillar Content access |
Indicator Licensing schemes for digital services and applications
Law No. 5 of 2004 Relating to Information Security (Loi No. 2004-5 du 3 février 2004, relative à la sécurité informatique)
Decree No. 2004-1249 of 25 May 2004, establishing the conditions and procedures for certification of expert auditors in the field of IT security (Décret No.2004-1249 du 25 mai 2004, fixant les conditions et les procédures de certification des experts auditeurs dans le domaine de la sécurité informatique)
Decree No. 2004-1249 of 25 May 2004, establishing the conditions and procedures for certification of expert auditors in the field of IT security (Décret No.2004-1249 du 25 mai 2004, fixant les conditions et les procédures de certification des experts auditeurs dans le domaine de la sécurité informatique)
Art. 8 of Law No. 5 of 2004 Relating to Information Security stipulates that the profession of expert auditor in IT security requires a licence. This licence, as clarified in Art. 2 of Decree No. 2004-1249, is restricted to individuals of Tunisian nationality. In addition, in order offer such a service in Tunisia, a company needs to employ at least three nationally certified auditors.
Coverage Expert auditors in the field of IT security
TUNISIA
Since July 1990
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Import ban applied on ICT goods or online services
GATT document L/6713
All imports from Israel are banned. According to General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) document L/6713, Tunisia has not applied the GATT concerning Israel in accordance with the provisions of Art. 35 of this Agreement since the country's accession in 1990.
Coverage Imports from Israel
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231116035714/https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/TPR/S341R1.pdf&Open=True
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220828065840/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/tunisia-says-committed-by-arab-boycott-of-israel/2668286
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230328110517/https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/ai17_e/gatt1994_art35_gatt47.pdf
- https://docs.wto.org/gattdocs/q/GG/INF/256.PDF
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TUNISIA
Since October 2022
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Joint communication between the Ministry of Trade and Export Development and the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy
In October 2022, Tunisia introduced mandatory import licences for 130 product categories, including webcams. The list of affected products was published by the Tunisian Ministry of Trade and Export Development; however, the measure was neither published in the Official Journal of Tunisia nor notified to the WTO.
Under this measure, importers seeking to bring any of the covered goods into Tunisia must first obtain an import licence from the relevant Tunisian ministry. To do so, they must submit an importation file to the competent authorities. This application file must include several documents, such as:
- A certificate issued by an official authority of the exporting country attesting to the legal status of the factory and its operating licence;
- Proof that the factory has a quality control system (e.g., a certificate detailing established quality procedures, ISO standards, or self-certification);
- A list of the products to be imported, among other required documents.
Additionally, Tunisian authorities reserve the right to request further documentation to verify the quality and safety of imported goods or to require product samples for inspection. There are no clear or publicly available deadlines for processing these applications. Based on available information, processing times may range from 48 hours to four months.
Under this measure, importers seeking to bring any of the covered goods into Tunisia must first obtain an import licence from the relevant Tunisian ministry. To do so, they must submit an importation file to the competent authorities. This application file must include several documents, such as:
- A certificate issued by an official authority of the exporting country attesting to the legal status of the factory and its operating licence;
- Proof that the factory has a quality control system (e.g., a certificate detailing established quality procedures, ISO standards, or self-certification);
- A list of the products to be imported, among other required documents.
Additionally, Tunisian authorities reserve the right to request further documentation to verify the quality and safety of imported goods or to require product samples for inspection. There are no clear or publicly available deadlines for processing these applications. Based on available information, processing times may range from 48 hours to four months.
Coverage Webcams
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230330135132/https://international-pratique.com/qij5ds8j2ddql299f7kjqgakh5/2022/10/TUNISIE-Importations_Restrictions_liste-codes-douaniers_17-octobre-2022.pdf
- https://www.facebook.com/100069026536184/posts/pfbid02FiCDEuGY9sDBf5PDnXMS2vUJQxbu6aTuKYBccUjfXMeGk2d8R1fNGbeCVZha76ral/?extid=0&d=n
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231212001133/https://itif.org/publications/2023/09/11/how-expanding-the-information-technology-agreement-to-an-ita-3-would-bolster-nations-economic-growth/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241203175133/https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/barriers/details?barrier_id=17482&sps=false
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230331215014/https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/2023%20NTE%20Report.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241203175257/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/11/tunisia-import-restrictions-hinder-trade-eu?token=eyJlbWFpbCI6InNpbW9uZ29uemFsZXpAb3V0bG9vay5jb20iLCJuaWQiOiI1Mz...
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240520052740/https://www.asianlogistics.net/en/tunisia-import-shipments-new-restrictive-measures/
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TUNISIA
Since August 1994, last amended in October 2019
Since September 2005
Since August 1994, last amended in September 2005
Since September 2005
Since August 1994, last amended in September 2005
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Decree 94-1744 of 29 August 1994 relating to the methods of technical control on import and export and the organisations empowered to exercise it (Décret No. 94-1744 du 29 août 1994, relatif aux modalités de contrôle technique à l'importation et à l'exportation et aux organismes habilités à l'exercer)
Order of the Minister of Trade and Crafts of 15 September 2005, amending of the Order of the Minister of National Economy of 30 August 1994 fixing the list of products subject to technical control for import and export (Arrêté du Ministre du Commerce et de l'Artisanat, du 15 septembre 2005, portant modification l'Arrêté du Ministre de l'Economie Nationale du 30 août 1994, fixant les listes de produits soumis au contrôle technique à l'importation et l'exportation)
Order of the Minister of National Economy of 30 August 1994 fixing the list of products subject to technical control for import and export (Arrêté du Ministre de l'Economie Nationale du 30 août 1994, fixant les listes des produits soumis au contrôle technique à l'importation et à l'exportation)
Order of the Minister of Trade and Crafts of 15 September 2005, amending of the Order of the Minister of National Economy of 30 August 1994 fixing the list of products subject to technical control for import and export (Arrêté du Ministre du Commerce et de l'Artisanat, du 15 septembre 2005, portant modification l'Arrêté du Ministre de l'Economie Nationale du 30 août 1994, fixant les listes de produits soumis au contrôle technique à l'importation et l'exportation)
Order of the Minister of National Economy of 30 August 1994 fixing the list of products subject to technical control for import and export (Arrêté du Ministre de l'Economie Nationale du 30 août 1994, fixant les listes des produits soumis au contrôle technique à l'importation et à l'exportation)
Decree No. 94-1744 was implemented by the Order of the Minister of Trade and Crafts of 15 September 2005, which amended the Order of the Minister of National Economy of 30 August 1994 to define the list of products subject to technical import control. Arts. 3–10 of the Decree establish a technical import control system, which varies depending on the nature of the product. There are three types of controls, generally conducted at the point of clearance before Customs authorises release:
- List A products are subject to systematic control;
- List B products require a certificate of compliance;
- List C products must meet specific technical specifications.
For List A products—such as telecommunications equipment and computers—technical control is systematic and may take different forms, including a desk review of documents, sample testing, physical inspection of goods, or laboratory analysis. However, reports indicate that the specific procedures for control are unclear, granting discretionary power to technical control authorities. Additionally, it is reported that controls are not based on risk analysis, Tunisian technical norms have not been notified to the WTO.
- List A products are subject to systematic control;
- List B products require a certificate of compliance;
- List C products must meet specific technical specifications.
For List A products—such as telecommunications equipment and computers—technical control is systematic and may take different forms, including a desk review of documents, sample testing, physical inspection of goods, or laboratory analysis. However, reports indicate that the specific procedures for control are unclear, granting discretionary power to technical control authorities. Additionally, it is reported that controls are not based on risk analysis, Tunisian technical norms have not been notified to the WTO.
Coverage Telecom equipment and computers
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240514044913/https://pce.tn/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/larr%C3%AAt%C3%A9-du-ministre-de-l%C3%A9conomie-nationale-du-30-Aout-1994.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240513122658/https://pce.tn/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9-du-ministre-du-commerce-et-de-l%E2%80%99artisanat-du-15-septembre-2005.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241203175133/https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/barriers/details?barrier_id=17482&sps=false
- https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news_docs/s479_e.pdf
- https://api.tradehelpdesk.org/downloads/trd-proc-guides/import-export/788_en.pdf
- https://naqelexpress.com/ar/sa/pdfs/tunisia-guide/
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TUNISIA
Since September 1994
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Circular No. 14-94 of the Central Bank of Tunisia related to Financial regulation of imports and exports of goods (Circulaire aux Intermedaires Agrees No. 94-14 du 14 Septembre 1994)
Arts. 5-9 of Circular 94-14 prohibits the export of foreign currency from Tunisia as payment for imports prior to the presentation of documents to the importer’s bank confirming shipment of the merchandise from the country of origin. In addition, the Central Bank of Tunisia prohibits Tunisian purchasers from using foreign currency to pay for specific imported goods until their banks confirm that they have sufficient foreign currency in their accounts. It is reported that these requirements are a source of confusion and difficulty for some foreign companies.
Coverage Horizontal
TUNISIA
Since January 2022
Pillar Cross-border data policies |
Indicator Ban to transfer and local processing requirement
Decree-Law No. 2-2022, Organizing the Activity of Credit Information (Décret-loi No. 2022-2 du 4 janvier 2022, portant organisation de l’activité du renseignement de crédit)
According to Art. 21 of the Decree-Law No. 2-2022, it is forbidden for companies organising the activity of credit information to transfer their databases outside Tunisia and to host the data in the cloud.
Coverage Financial sector
TUNISIA
Reported in 2017, last reported in 2024
Pillar Cross-border data policies |
Indicator Ban to transfer and local processing requirement
Ban on the transfer of personal data
It is reported that the Ministry of Communication Technologies prohibits public companies and institutions from freely transmitting and storing personal data outside of the country.
Coverage Public sector
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250801211820/https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-investment-climate-statements/tunisia/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240901023514/https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-investment-climate-statements/tunisia/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230325122607/https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-investment-climate-statements/tunisia/
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TUNISIA
N/A
Pillar Cross-border data policies |
Indicator Participation in trade agreements committing to open cross-border data flows
Lack of participation in agreements with binding commitments on data flows
Tunisia has not joined any agreement with binding commitments to open transfers of data across borders.
Coverage Horizontal
TUNISIA
Since July 2004
Pillar Domestic data policies |
Indicator Framework for data protection
Organic Act No. 2004-63 of 27 July 2004 on the Protection of Personal Data (Loi organique No. 2004-63 du 27 juillet 2004, portant sur la protection des données à caractère personnel)
The Organic Act No. 63-2004 on the Protection of Personal Data provides a comprehensive regime of data protection in Tunisia and sets up the National Authority of Data Protection (INPDP) in charge of its enforcement.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241121185928/https://legislation-securite.tn/latest-laws/loi-organique-n-2004-63-du-27-juillet-2004-portant-sur-la-protection-des-donnees-a-caractere-personnel/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20221206034440/https://www.inpdp.tn/ressources/loi_2004.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241121190732/https://www.informatica-juridica.com/anexos/organic-act-no-2004-63-of-july-27th-2004-on-the-protection-of-personal-data/
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TUNISIA
Since September 2022
Pillar Domestic data policies |
Indicator Minimum period for data retention
Decree No. 54 of 2022 relating to combating crimes related to information and communication systems (Décret-loi No. 2022-54 du 13 septembre 2022, relatif à la lutte contre les infractions se rapportant aux systèmes d’information et de communication)
Art. 6 of Decree No. 54-2022 requires telecommunications service providers to keep data stored in their own information system for a period of no less than two years, including geolocation data, personal identification data, and traffic flow data. It is unclear if the information system has to be in the country or not.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240228125927/https://legislation-securite.tn/latest-laws/decret-loi-n-2022-54-du-13-septembre-2022-relatif-a-la-lutte-contre-les-infractions-se-rapportant-aux-systemes-di...
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250921162026/https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Analysis-of-decree-law-54-English.pdf
TUNISIA
Since January 2001, last amended in April 2013
Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition |
Indicator Licensing restrictions to operate in the telecom market
Law No. 1 of 2001 dated 15 January 2001 Concerning The Issuance of the Telecommunications Code (Loi No. 2001-1 du 15 janvier 2001 portant promulgation du code des télécommunications)
Art. 5 of Law No. 1 of 2001 states that the provision of telecommunication services is subject to prior authorisation by the Minister responsible for Telecommunications. Subject to the provisions of Art. 5 of the Code, Art. 8 establishes that the provider of telecommunications services must meet the following conditions:
- for natural persons, they must be of Tunisian nationality;
- in the case of a legal entity, it must be incorporated in accordance with Tunisian law.
A telecommunications service is defined as any service that provides telecommunications between two or more users.
- for natural persons, they must be of Tunisian nationality;
- in the case of a legal entity, it must be incorporated in accordance with Tunisian law.
A telecommunications service is defined as any service that provides telecommunications between two or more users.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
TUNISIA
Since January 2001, as amended in April 2013
Since January 2014
Since January 2014
Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition |
Indicator Licensing restrictions to operate in the telecom market
Law No. 1 of 2001 dated 15 January 2001 Concerning The Issuance of the Telecommunications Code (Loi No. 2001-1 du 15 janvier 2001 portant promulgation du code des télécommunications)
Decree No. 2014-412 of 16 January 2014, setting the conditions and procedures for granting authorisation to operate a virtual telecommunications network (Décret No. 2014-412 du 16 janvier 2014, fixant les conditions et les procédures d'octroi de l'autorisation pour l'exercice de l'activité d'opérateur d'un réseau virtuel des télécommunications)
Decree No. 2014-412 of 16 January 2014, setting the conditions and procedures for granting authorisation to operate a virtual telecommunications network (Décret No. 2014-412 du 16 janvier 2014, fixant les conditions et les procédures d'octroi de l'autorisation pour l'exercice de l'activité d'opérateur d'un réseau virtuel des télécommunications)
Art. 31 ter of Law No. 1 of 2001 requires prior authorisation from the Minister responsible for telecommunications to operate a virtual telecommunications network. This authorisation is granted after consultation with the Instance Nationale des Télécommunications (INT). The conditions and procedures for obtaining the authorisation are detailed in Decree No. 2014-412.
Art. 5 of the Decree specifies the following requirements:
- The legal representative of the applicant must be a Tunisian citizen and hold either a higher education degree, an equivalent qualification, or certified training at the same level in information technology, telecommunications, or multimedia.
- The applicant must be a legal entity established under Tunisian law with a minimum share capital of TND 150,000 (approx. USD 48,500), which must be owned nominally and primarily by Tunisian nationals.
Art. 5 of the Decree specifies the following requirements:
- The legal representative of the applicant must be a Tunisian citizen and hold either a higher education degree, an equivalent qualification, or certified training at the same level in information technology, telecommunications, or multimedia.
- The applicant must be a legal entity established under Tunisian law with a minimum share capital of TND 150,000 (approx. USD 48,500), which must be owned nominally and primarily by Tunisian nationals.
Coverage Virtual telecommunications network operators
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240813170627/https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/public.ldit.dcaf/lois/Loi%20n%C2%B0%202001-1%20du%2015%20Janvier%202001%20(Fr).pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20211130235044/http://www.intt.tn/upload/txts/fr/d%C3%A9cret_n_412_du_16_janvier_2014-op%C3%A9rateur_virtuel.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250809121732/https://intt.tn/fr/index-les-decrets-263-356.html
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