Database

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INDONESIA

Since February 2012

Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade  |  Indicator Nationality/residency requirement for directors or managers
Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration Regulation No. 40/2012
The Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration Regulation No. 40/2012 specified 19 positions that are reserved for Indonesian nationality only, ranging from Chief Executive Officer to various directors, managers, and supervisors positions within a company.
Coverage Horizontal

INDONESIA

Since March 2014, last amended in November 2020
Since August 2007, last amended in December 2022

Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade  |  Indicator Commercial presence requirement for digital services providers
Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 7/2014 About Trade (Trade Act)

The Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 40 of 2007 Concerning Limited Liability Company
Pursuant to Art. 24 of the Trade Act and Art. 5 of the Limited Liability Company Act, all exporters and importers are subject to a licence issued by the government, which is subject to a commercial presence requirement.
Coverage Horizontal

INDONESIA

Since March 2016

Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade  |  Indicator Commercial presence requirement for digital services providers
Ministry of Communication and Informatics Circular Letter No. 3/2016
The Ministry of Communications and Informatics issued Circular Letter No. 3/2016 on 31 March 2016, establishing the regulatory framework for the delivery of application and content services via the Internet, commonly referred to as Over the Top (OTT) Services. The Circular categorises OTT Services into two main types. The first, OTT Application Services, involves the use of internet protocol-based telecommunications networks to provide functions such as text messaging, voice and video calls, online chatting, financial transactions, data storage, gaming, social networking, and related services. The second, OTT Content Services, encompasses the provision of digital information in formats such as text, sound, images, animations, videos, music, films, and games, delivered via streaming or downloads over telecommunications networks.
According to Section 5.3 of the Circular, foreign individuals or business entities may provide OTT Services only if they establish a Permanent Business Entity in Indonesia, in compliance with the country’s prevailing tax regulations. Furthermore, the Circular imposes specific obligations on OTT Service Providers, including the mandatory use of Indonesia’s National Payment Gateway and Indonesian internet protocol numbers (Sections 5.5.5 and 5.5.6).
Coverage Over-the-Top (OTT) services

INDONESIA

Since March 2022

Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Other limitations on foreign participation in public procurement
President Instruction No. 22/2022
In March 2022, the government of Indonesia issued President Instruction No. 22/2022, mandating all government agencies to spend at least 40% of their budget on local products produced by SMEs. According to the regulation, the objective is to increase the use of local products to support the "Proud of Using Products Made in Indonesia" campaign. The regulation entered into force on 30 March 2022.
Coverage Horizontal

INDONESIA

Since June 1997, entry into force in September 1997

Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)  |  Indicator Participation in the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
Patent Cooperation Treaty
Indonesia is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). However, the country does not consider itself bound by Art. 59 related to disputes.
Coverage Horizontal

INDONESIA

Since June 2012
Since October 2014

Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Other limitations on foreign participation in public procurement
Defence Law 2012

Presidential Regulation 76/2014
Indonesia's 2012 Defence Law and Presidential Regulation 76/2014 prioritise the use of local materials and components by defence agencies, emphasising the procurement of locally produced goods and services whenever possible. Additionally, in cases where Indonesian government entities procure from foreign defence suppliers due to local supply limitations, regulations mandate "trade balancing" offsets. These offsets can include incorporating local content, production offsets, technology transfer, or a combination of these measures.
Coverage Public sector

INDONESIA

Since October 2014

Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)  |  Indicator Copyright law with clear exceptions
Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright (Undang-undang (UU) No. 28 Tahun 2014)
Indonesia has a copyright regime under the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, therefore limiting the lawful use of copyrighted work by others. Art. 43 lists the exceptions, which include publication, distribution, communication, and/or reproduction of State emblems and national anthems in accordance with their original nature; the production and distribution of the Copyrighted content through information technology and communication media that are not commercial and/or lucrative for the Author or related parties, or the Author expresses no objection to the manufacture and dissemination in question; among others.
Coverage Horizontal
"SELECT DISTINCT(post_id) FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'score' AND\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'country' AND meta_value = 'ID')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAND (\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.1') OR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.2') OR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.3')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t)"
[{"post_id":"109471"},{"post_id":"109472"},{"post_id":"109473"}]
"SELECT meta_value FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'impact' AND\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'country' AND meta_value = 'ID')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAND (\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.1') OR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.2')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t)"
"SELECT meta_value FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'score' AND\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'country' AND meta_value = 'ID')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAND (\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.3')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t)"
ITA: [{"meta_value":"0.50"}]

INDONESIA

ITA signatory? I II

Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods  |  Indicator Effective tariff rate on ICT goods (applied weighted average)
Effective tariff rate to ICT goods (applied weighted average)
0.97%
Coverage rate of zero-tariffs on ICT goods (%)
41.36%
Coverage: ICT goods

INDONESIA

N/A

Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods  |  Indicator Participation in the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and 2015 expansion (ITA II)
Lack of participation in Information Technology Agreement Expansion Agreement (ITA II)
Indonesia is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996, but is not a signatory of its 2015 expansion (ITA II).
Coverage ICT goods

INDONESIA

Since January 2014

Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Exclusion from public procurement
Ministry of Industry Regulation No. 02/M-IND/PER/1/2014 (Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian 02/M-IND/PER/1/2014)
Art. 10 of Regulation No. 02/M-IND/PER/1/2014 provides that domestic service suppliers need to be prioritised. To qualify as a domestic service provider, a majority of the shares must be owned by an Indonesian citizen, and two-thirds of the board members must be local. If no domestic service suppliers are participating in the procurement, national service suppliers (with at least 10% of shares belonging to Indonesians) will be taken into consideration. Only when these are also unavailable will foreign service providers be allowed to participate in the procurement process as well (Art. 16.1).
Coverage Horizontal

INDONESIA

Since March 2018, last amended in February 2021

Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Exclusion from public procurement
Regulation of the President of the Republic of Indonesia No. 16 of 2018 on Government Procurement
Under Art. 63 of Presidential Regulation No. 16/2018, an International Tender may be conducted if no capable or eligible domestic Economic Operator is available, and:
- The estimated value of goods and other services exceeds Rp 50 billion (approx. USD 4.5 million), or
- The estimated value of consulting services exceeds Rp 25 billion (approx. USD 2.25 million).
Additionally, foreign business entities selected through an International Tender must collaborate with national business entities via a consortium, subcontract, or other forms of cooperation.
Coverage Horizontal

INDONESIA

Since March 2018, last amended in February 2021

Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Exclusion from public procurement
Regulation of the President of the Republic of Indonesia No. 16 of 2018 on Government Procurement
Art. 66 of Presidential Regulation No. 16/2018 provides that the ministries, institutions and regional apparatuses are obligated to use domestic products. Procurement of imported goods may be conducted in the event that the goods cannot be produced domestically or that domestic production volume is unable to meet the demand.
Coverage Horizontal

INDONESIA

Since October 2019

Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Surrender of patents, source code or trade secrets to win public tenders/Restrictions on technology standards for public tenders
Government Regulation No. 71/2019 on the Provision of Electronic System and Transaction (Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 71 Tahun 2019 Penyelenggaraan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik)
Art. 9 of the Government Regulation No. 71/2019 requires that providers of bespoke software must provide or escrow the source codes associated with their service. The requirement applies to Electronic System Providers for public scope. This requirement was already contained in Art. 8 of Government Regulation No. 82/2012, which was repealed by Government Regulation No. 71/2019.
Coverage Electronic systems operators for public scope

KOREA

Since March 2002, last amended in June 2012

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Act on the Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce Transactions etc. - Act No. 10303 (전자상거래 등에서의 소비자보호에 관한 법률)
The Act on Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce Transactions provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions.
Coverage Horizontal

KOREA

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Korea has signed but not ratified the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal

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