It is reported that Hungary does not mandate functional separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market. However, accounting separation is required by law.

It is reported that the National Media and Infocommunications Authority (NMHH), the executive authority for the supervision and administration of services in the telecommunications sector, is independent from the government in the decision-making process.

Under Art. 62. k of the Act CLXLIII on Public Procurement, foreign firms are excluded from government procurement if they are registered in a country that is neither an EU member nor a member of the WTO Government Procurement Agreement nor if they are registered in a country that has no double taxation treaty with Hungary or the EU.

Art. 85 of the Utilities Directive (2014/25/EU) contains provisions allowing contracting public entities to reject foreign goods not covered by any EU international commitments from its tender procedures. In these cases, a tender submitted for the award of a supply contract may be rejected where the proportion of the products originating in third countries exceeds 50% of the total value of the products constituting the tender (Art. 85.2). Additionally, in cases of equivalent offers, the provisions provide for a preference for European tenders and tenders covered by EU's international obligations. In practice, this possibility has rarely been used.
In Hungary, the Directive has been transposed with Act CXLIII of 2015 on Public Procurement.

It is reported that the lack of transparency is a challenge for public procurement procedures in Hungary, especially for foreign bidders, including with respect to overly narrow definitions of tenders and implicit biases in favour of local vendors and state-owned enterprises. Moreover, it is reported that in April 2022, the European Commission launched a budget conditionality mechanism against Hungary over the “systemic irregularities, deficiencies and weaknesses” in its public procurement procedures.

There are no foreign ownership limitations in sectors relevant for digital trade.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 800, above the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

Foreign entities or organisations need a bona fide presence to set up a US domain (".us") or be a US citizen, permanent resident or an American organisation. "Bona fide presence" requires the entity to have either physical presence or regularly engage in lawful activities (sales of goods or services or other business, commercial or non-commercial, including not-for-profit activities) in the United States. The ".com" and ".org" domains have been made available by US authorities to both domestic and foreign users.

The consumer protection framework governing online commerce in the United States comprises a combination of federal and state statutes and regulations. Prominent legislation includes the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended by the U.S. Safe Web Act, and the INFORM Consumers Act. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission has established specific consumer protection regulations aimed at regulating advertising practices and overseeing consumer transactions conducted via the internet.

The U.S. has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

The U.S. has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

The U.S. has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

The Communication Decency Act (Section 230) establishes a safe harbour regime for intermediaries beyond copyright infringement.