According to Section 6.2.4 of the "General Terms and Conditions for the Regulation of Digital Content Services", website service providers that enable users to create content and facilitate a user comment section are required to display the user's full Internet Protocol (IP) address within publicly accessible user-generated content. Pursuant to Section 2.4, a website service provider is defined as an individual or legal entity that disseminates news, information, and other forms of content to the public through communication network services.

Art. 25 of the Law on Child Protection stipulates that electronic service providers are responsible for refraining from disseminating prohibited content and are obliged to actively monitor, restrict, and block harmful material. In addition, internet service providers are required to implement technological measures to limit the distribution of harmful and prohibited content accessible to children online, in accordance with decisions issued by authorised organisations.

According to Section 6.2.1 of the "General Terms and Conditions for the Regulation of Digital Content Services", providers of website services that allow users to generate content and maintain a user comment section are required to implement a word filtering programme operated by the Communications Regulatory Commission. Reports indicate that this filtering software identifies prohibited keywords and replaces them with asterisks. However, the software is reportedly flawed, as it fails to consider the context of words and indiscriminately blocks any terms that contain letters or syllables resembling those of the prohibited words. Pursuant to Section 2.4, a website service provider is defined as an individual or legal entity that disseminates news, information, and other forms of content to the public through communication network services.

According to Sections 1.2 and 3 of the "General Terms and Conditions for the Regulation of Digital Content Services", content aggregators, content providers, website service providers, and content service providers are required to obtain a special licence. In addition, in accordance with Section 3.4, the service provider of a news website operating in Mongolia must register with the Communications Regulatory Commission.

Art. 8.1, Clause 9.3, of the Law on Permits lists “using information networks and providing services” as an activity requiring a special permit issued by the Communications Regulatory Commission. Art. 19¹.1 of the Communications Law further clarifies the scope of this category, indicating that it includes IP-based interconnection, data-storage infrastructure, content distribution networks, and virtual network activity between demarcation points.

It is reported that a significant time is required for the processing of export and import documentation at the border. Prolonged processing times for international mail handling have been attributed to the customs clearance procedures administered by the International Mail Centre (IMC) of Mongolian Customs. It is also reported that the UPost system used by the IMC lacks interoperability with the systems of delivery service providers such as Mongol Post, UPC, and DHL, requiring manual data entry.

Under the "Type Approval Regulatory Guidelines for Information and Communication Equipment", the majority of wireless and telecommunications equipment must obtain type approval from the Communications Regulatory Commission of Mongolia (CRC). Section 5.1 stipulates that products must be accompanied by test reports demonstrating compliance with the relevant test standards and limits, in accordance with European Union Standards (EN), issued within 6 years before issuance. These standards include electromagnetic compatibility requirements. In addition, Section 6.5 states that if the CRC is unable to conduct testing and evaluation due to insufficient measurement capabilities or human resources, it may seek assistance from other governmental organisations of similar status, testing institutions, university laboratories, or accredited laboratories in foreign countries.

According to Section 5.40.11 of the Payment System Procedures, the maximum amount permitted for a single spending transaction by a user corresponds to the upper limit for small-value transactions as determined by order of the President of the Bank of Mongolia. The Bank of Mongolia’s 2024 explanatory guidance clarifies that, for registered electronic-money users, this limit is MNT 5,000,000 (approx. USD 1,400) and applies only to user transactions, not to transactions carried out by contractual agents or merchants cooperating with the electronic-money issuer. In addition, as stipulated in Section 5.40.14, the maximum daily spending limit for unregistered users is MNT 40,000 (approx. USD 12), and the explanatory guidance clarifies that this limit applies only to unregistered users.

Pursuant to Art. 17.1.3 of Mongolia’s Law on Cybersecurity, legal persons providing information technology services for the processing, storage, distribution, computer analytics, and normal operation of shared information systems in cyberspace must retain information-system activity logs for the period specified in the common cybersecurity procedure. Similarly, under Art. 19.2.9, organisations with critical information infrastructure must retain information-system activity logs for the period prescribed by that procedure.
Government Decree No. 06/2023, which establishes the Cyber Security General Procedure, specifies both the required log content and retention periods. Under Section 4.16, covered organisations must retain logs of access attempts and successful access, privileged access, password changes, changes to or deletions of logs, and the granting, modification, or revocation of access rights. Section 4.17 further requires logs to identify, inter alia, the user name or ID, date, accessed address or device information, access duration, action performed, and result of the action. Finally, Section 4.19 sets minimum retention periods, including at least six months for legal persons and at least one year for organisations with critical information infrastructure.

Pursuant to Art. 20.1.5 of the Law on Personal Data Protection, the data controller and data processor are required to conduct a risk assessment to ensure the security of data processing operations.

Mongolian law and jurisprudence lack a fundamental legal framework governing intermediary liability for copyright infringement. Art. 52 of the Law on Copyright merely stipulates that internet service providers, aggregators, website owners, telecommunications service providers, broadcasting organisations, and multi-channel transmitters must facilitate the receipt of reports concerning copyright and related rights infringements. Additionally, they are obligated to suspend or terminate the unlawful use of copyrighted works and related rights on their networks upon receiving such reports.

A basic legal framework on intermediary liability beyond copyright infringement is absent in Mongolia's law and jurisprudence.

Mongolia has adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty. The treaty was signed on 20 December 1996, ratified on 25 July 2002 and came into effect on 25 October 2002.

Under Clause 5.12.9 of Annex I of "Resolution of the Communications Regulatory Commission No. 23 On the Approval of the Terms and Conditions for Obtaining a Special Licence to Provide Telecommunications Services", telephone service providers are required to implement a user registration system that records individual users by their national registration number. In the case of organisational clients, the registration must include the organisation’s registration number as well as the personal registration number, surname, and given name of the authorised individual representing the organisation. Importantly, this requirement applies not only to traditional telephone services but also to Internet Protocol-based telephone services.

Mongolia lacks a comprehensive legal framework for the effective protection of trade secrets. Nevertheless, certain limited provisions address specific aspects of trade secret protection, including those found in the Law of Mongolia on Organisation Secrets. Similar measures are also present in the Law of Mongolia on Competition, which includes regulations concerning unfair competition, such as the misappropriation of trade secrets.