In August 2014, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China (MOFCOM) announced anti-dumping duties on single-mode optical fibres imported from India. In August 2020, the MOFCOM reported that it would continue to impose antidumping duties for another five years (until August 2025). The rate of duty imposed ranges from 7.4% to 30.6%, depending on the company. China’s Ministry of Commerce announced that on 14 August 2025 it had initiated an expiry review of the existing measures, during which the Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council will maintain the anti‑dumping duties without modification, thereby leaving both the scope of application and the duty rates unchanged.

China imposes anti-dumping duties on optical fibre preforms imported from Japan and the United States, with current rates of 14.4%-31.2% for Japanese products and 17.4%-41.7% for those from the United States. The measures were first introduced in August 2015 for two years, extended in 2018 for a further five years, and renewed again in July 2024 for an additional five-year period. Optical fibre preforms are a key input in the manufacture of optical fibres, which are used to transmit signals through various types of optical cables.

In January 2005, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China announced anti-dumping duties on non-displacement single-mode optical fibres (used, for example, for long-distance telephony and multichannel television broadcasting systems) (HS code: 9001.1000) imported from Japan and South Korea. This measure was reviewed and extended in January 2011 and, subsequently, in January 2017 and January 2022. The rate of duty imposed on imports originating in Japan is 46%, while imports originating in South Korea range from 7.9% to 46%, depending on the company.

In April 2011, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China announced anti-dumping duties on non-displacement single-mode optical fibres (used, for example, for long-distance telephony and multichannel television broadcasting systems) (HS code: 9001.1000) imported from the EU and the U.S. This measure was reviewed and extended in April 2017 and, subsequently in April 2022. The duty rate on imports originating from the European Union ranges from 12.9% to 29.1%, depending on the company. The duty rate on imports originating from the United States ranges from 33.3% to 78.2%, depending on the company.

Japan has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Japan has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

The type of conformity assessment procedure adopted is the Supplier's Declaration of Conformity (SDoC) type 2 - the supplier or manufacturer of the equipment declares the equipment meets the technical and administrative requirements on the basis of test reports by a testing laboratory recognised by the regulator. No registration of the equipment with the regulator is required. This mandatory requirement is limited to EMI for the products covered by the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law.
The Act divides electrical products into specified and non-specified products. While specified electrical products such as AC adapters and electric massagers require third-party assessment by a registered conformity assessment body (CAB), non-specified electrical products are subject to a self-declaration scheme for mandatory PSE marks.
Similarly, under the Consumer Product Safety Act (Act No. 31 of 1968), some electrical products classified as special specified products because of high risk to consumer safety require a third-party assessment by a registered CAB, while specified products with moderate risk to consumer safety are subject to self-declaration for PSC mark.

As stipulated in Art. 14.18 of the Customs Tariff Act, the imports of goods with a total customs value of JPY 10,000 (approx. USD 67) or less are exempt from customs duties. This amount is below the USD 200 threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

It is reported that the ".JP" domain name registration framework stipulates the necessity of a local contact address.

The "Act on Specified Commercial Transactions", the "Consumer Contract Act", the "Act on the Protection of Consumers Who Use Digital Platforms for Shopping", together with several other statutes, establish a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that extends to online transactions.

Japan has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Japan has introduced import restrictions on certain goods from Russia under the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry has amended its public notice, based on Art. 52 of the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act and Art. 3 of the Import Trade Control Order. This amendment subjects the import ban to approval under Art. 4 of the same Order. The items affected by this approval procedure include automatic data-processing machines and related units (HS 84.71), as well as parts and accessories for office machines like computers and printers (HS 84.73), among others.

As amended in April 2022, under Art. 2.4 of the Cabinet Order on Export Trade Control, anyone wishing to export goods listed in Table 2-3 to Russia must obtain approval from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, following the procedures established by the Ministry's Order. Table 2-3 includes several ICT goods, such as computers and their accessories, communication devices, cryptographic equipment, integrated circuits, semiconductor devices, electronic test equipment, analogue and digital recording devices, oscilloscopes, and components for microwave and millimetre wave equipment.

Japan's Act on the Limitation of Liability for Damages of Specified Telecommunications Service Providers and the Right to Demand Disclosure of Identification Information of the Senders establishes a safe harbour regime for intermediaries for copyright infringements. According to Art. 3 of the Act, no Internet service provider (ISP) may be held liable for failing to delete infringing content. Furthermore, the Act also shields ISPs from the liability for any damage caused by the deletion of content on its network if the ISP reasonably believes that the content infringes the intellectual property rights or privacy of others or if a third party alleges infringement and the content sender does not respond to the ISP's inquiry within seven days.

Japan's Act on the Limitation of Liability for Damages of Specified Telecommunications Service Providers and the Right to Demand Disclosure of Identification Information of the Senders establishes a safe harbour regime for intermediaries beyond copyright infringements. According to Art. 3 of the Act, no Internet service provider (ISP) may be held liable for failing to delete infringing content. Furthermore, the Act also shields ISPs from the liability for any damage caused by the deletion of content on its network if the ISP reasonably believes that the content infringes the intellectual property rights or privacy of others or if a third party alleges infringement and the content sender does not respond to the ISP's inquiry within seven days.