The Foreign Investment Act requires the publication of the Foreign Investment Negative List (FINL) every two years, which outlines sectors in which foreign investment is restricted. According to List B of the 2022 FINL, up to 40% foreign equity is allowed in micro and small domestic market enterprises with paid-in equity capital of less than the equivalent of USD 200,000 and micro and small domestic market enterprises that involve advanced technology or are endorsed as startup or startup enablers by state agencies; or those whose majority of direct employees are Filipinos provided that their Filipino employees should not be less than 15, and with a paid-in equity capital of less than the equivalent of USD 100,000.

The Foreign Investment Act requires the publication of the Foreign Investment Negative List (FINL) every two years, which outlines sectors in which foreign investment is restricted. According to List A of the 2022 FINL, advertising is limited to 30% foreign equity.

Section 4 of the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines (RA 11232) mandates a residency requirement for select corporate officers, namely the treasurer and the secretary.

Section 142 of the Corporations Act establishes that a foreign corporation applying for a license to transact business in the Philippines shall submit to the Commission the address, including the street number, of the principal office of the corporation in the country or State of incorporation; the name and address of its resident agent authorised to accept summons and process in all legal proceedings and all notices affecting the corporation, pending the establishment of a local office; and the place in the Philippines where the corporation intends to operate.

The Philippines is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 and its 2015 expansion (ITA II).

Section 52.4.1 of "The Implementing Rules and Regulations of the New Government Procurement Act" stipulates that the following entities are eligible to participate in the bidding process for the supply of goods: (a) duly licensed Filipino citizens or sole proprietorships; (b) partnerships duly constituted under Philippine law, of which at least 60% of the ownership interest is held by Filipino citizens; (c) corporations duly organised under Philippine law, with at least 60% of the outstanding capital stock owned by Filipino citizens; (d) cooperatives duly organised pursuant to Philippine law; and (e) joint ventures, defined as associations of two or more persons or entities undertaking joint and several liability for a specific contract, provided that Filipino ownership or interest therein is not less than 60%, such ownership being determined on the basis of the respective contributions of the joint venture partners as set out in their agreement, and further provided that each member’s primary business purpose is similar or related to the requirements of the project to be procured. Foreign bidders may likewise be deemed eligible, subject to the guidelines issued by the Government Procurement Policy Board, where participation is authorised under a treaty or international or executive agreement; where the foreign entity’s home jurisdiction affords reciprocal rights or privileges to Filipino individuals or entities; where the goods sought are unavailable from domestic suppliers; or where such participation is necessary to prevent circumstances that undermine competition or restrain trade.

Section 52.4.3 of "The Implementing Rules and Regulations of the New Government Procurement Act" provides that participation in the bidding for consulting services shall be limited to duly licensed Filipino citizens or sole proprietorships; partnerships organised under Philippine law with at least 60% Filipino ownership; corporations likewise organised under Philippine law with at least 60% of their outstanding capital stock owned by Filipino citizens; cooperatives duly organised under Philippine law; and joint ventures comprising two or more persons or entities that agree to assume joint and several liability for a specific contract. Where the procurement of consulting services involves professions regulated by law, those who will actually render the services must be Filipino citizens and duly registered professionals authorised by the relevant regulatory body to practise in such professions and allied fields. In order to demonstrate trust and confidence in, and to foster the development of, Filipino consultancy, foreign consultants may be engaged only where the head of the procuring entity determines that Filipino consultants lack the requisite expertise and capability to deliver the services required for the project.

Section 79 of the "New Government Procurement Act" provides that the procuring entity shall accord priority and preference to Philippine products and services, and such preference shall be guaranteed at all stages of the procurement process, including with respect to raw materials, ingredients, supplies, and fixtures. The procuring entity shall award the contract to a domestic bidder where its bid does not exceed the lowest foreign bid by more than 25%. However, this priority and preference may be waived in specified circumstances, including where domestic production is insufficient or unavailable in the required commercial quantities, where the required quality cannot be satisfied, where applying such preference would be inconsistent with the Philippines’ obligations under international agreements, or where other analogous conditions arise.

The Philippines is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). However, the country has been an observer of the WTO GPA since 2019.

Singapore applies export controls on certain ICT-related goods, software, and technology under the Strategic Goods (Control) Act 2002 and the Strategic Goods (Control) Order 2025. Under Art. 5(1), a person must not export any strategic goods or transmit any strategic goods technology, unless authorised by a permit. The current control list is set out in the Strategic Goods (Control) Order 2025. Under Section 2 of the Order, the goods and technology specified in the Schedule are strategic goods and strategic goods technology for the purposes of the Act. The Schedule includes ICT-relevant dual-use categories, particularly electronics (Category 3), computers (Category 4), and telecommunications (Category 5, Part 1).
Furthermore, since March 2022, Singapore has implemented a more restrictive export-control regime regarding Russia. The measure was implemented through the Regulation of Imports and Exports (Amendment) Regulations 2022, which amended the Regulation of Imports and Exports Regulations by inserting the Eighth Schedule. This Russia-specific regime builds on the strategic goods control framework by prohibiting exports to Russia of all military goods and selected dual-use goods, including the ICT-relevant categories already covered by the Strategic Goods Control List, such as electronics, computers, and telecommunications.

Singapore's Infocomm Development Authority accepts registrations for many types of telecommunications and radio equipment, though registration is voluntary for some categories. The company filing the registration must be a local company with a valid IMDA dealer's license. Registrations are typically based on foreign standard test reports to declare conformity to IMDA's technical standards. IMDA also accepts equipment certification by local or foreign certification bodies recognised by IMDA under a phase II mutual recognition arrangement.
The Singapore Accreditation Council (SAC) works closely with other international bodies on Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRAs) to allow signatories to mutually recognise reports and certificates issued by accredited Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs) as equivalent to their own standards.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 290, above the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

Under Section 8.1 of the Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Rules of Registration, foreign applicants for ".sg " domain names must appoint and duly authorise a local agent as their administrative contact.

The Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions.