EGYPT
Reported in 2021, last reported in 2024
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Lack of de minimis threshold
It is reported that Egypt does not apply any de minimis threshold, which is defined as the minimum value of goods below which customs duties are not imposed.
Coverage Horizontal
EGYPT
Since February 2003
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Import ban applied on ICT goods or online services
Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law - Law No. 10 of 2003
قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات
قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات
According to Art. 46 of Law No. of 2003, imports of used telecommunications materials for trading purposes are prohibited.
Coverage Used telecommunications materials
EGYPT
Since February 2003
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law - Law No. 10 of 2003
قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات
قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات
According to Art. 44 of Law No. of 2003, the import of telecommunications equipment requires the permission of the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (NTRA).
Coverage Telecommunications equipment
EGYPT
Since August 2018
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Law No. 180 of 2018 Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قانون 180 لسنة 2018 بشأن تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام
قانون 180 لسنة 2018 بشأن تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام
According to Art. 23 of Law No. 180 of 2018, it is not allowed to import all broadcasting devices or decoding devices for receiving audio or video broadcasts except after obtaining written approval from the Supreme Council for Media Regulation, without prejudice to the requirements of the National Telecommunication Authority.
Coverage Broadcasting devices or decoding devices for receiving audio or video broadcasts
EGYPT
Since February 2020
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Export restrictions on ICT goods or online services
Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 418 of 2020 Issuing Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 418 لسنة 2020 بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام الصادر بالقانون رقم 180
قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 418 لسنة 2020 بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام الصادر بالقانون رقم 180
Art. 22 of Resolution No. 418 stipulates that a licence from the Supreme Council for Media Regulation and in accordance with the rules and conditions the Authority sets is required for transferring content (whether recorded or live broadcast) from within the Arab Republic of Egypt to a media outlet or a website operating outside the Republic.
Coverage Recorded or live broadcast content
EGYPT
Reported in 2021, last reported in 2025
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Self-certification for product safety
SDoC allowed for foreign business
It is reported that the conformity assessment procedure for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)/electromagnetic interference (EMI) relies on the Supplier's Declaration of Conformity (SDoC). In particular, the supplier or manufacturer of the equipment declares the equipment meets the technical and administrative requirements on the basis of test reports by a testing laboratory recognised by the regulator. The test reports are submitted to the regulator, and type approval for the equipment is required based on the documents submitted. No local testing is required. The testing labs are recognised by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and the European Commission (EC).
Coverage Horizontal
EGYPT
Since February 2003, last amended in December 2022
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Product screening and additional testing requirements
Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law - Law No. 10 of 2003
قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات
قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات
Art. 44 of Egypt’s Telecommunications Law No. 10 of 2003 stipulates that the import, manufacture, assembly, possession, use, operation, installation, or marketing of any telecommunications equipment is prohibited unless prior authorisation has been obtained from the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (NTRA). Such authorisation must conform to the standards, specifications, and categories of equipment approved by the NTRA. In addition, before the NTRA imports, manufactures, assembles, possesses, or utilises equipment for its own purposes, and prior to granting permits to entities within the state’s administrative apparatus including ministries, agencies, organs, local administrative units, bodies, companies of all types, individuals, and others, it is required to secure the approval of the Armed Forces, the National Security Authority, and the Ministry of the Interior. The scope of telecommunications equipment subject to these provisions shall be determined by a decision of the Minister of Defence in coordination with the national security agencies.
It is reported that such equipment may include routers or networking devices, for instance. However, this prohibition, in any of its forms, is not intended to encompass peripheral communication devices such as mobile phones, smartwatches, and other end-user equipment.
It is reported that such equipment may include routers or networking devices, for instance. However, this prohibition, in any of its forms, is not intended to encompass peripheral communication devices such as mobile phones, smartwatches, and other end-user equipment.
Coverage Telecommunication equipment
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230207220040/https://www.tra.gov.eg/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Law-No-10-of-2003.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250809023355/https://www.tra.gov.eg/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/قانون-رقم-172-لسنة-2022.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20251203232806/https://masaar.net/en/amendments-to-the-telecommunications-law-new-restrictions-on-the-use-and-operation-of-telecommunications-equipment/
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EGYPT
Since August 2018
Since February 2020
Since February 2020
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Restrictions on encryption standards
Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام
Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 418 of 2020 Issuing Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 418 لسنة 2020 بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام الصادر بالقانون رقم 180
قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام
Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 418 of 2020 Issuing Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 418 لسنة 2020 بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام الصادر بالقانون رقم 180
Art. 72 of Law No. 180 of 2018, Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation, grants the right to establish and license encrypted satellites and digital platforms in Egypt exclusively to the Supreme Council”. The license is issued after the approval of the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. The article also stipulates that granting the license is only possible for state-owned companies.
Coverage Encrypted satellites and digital platforms
EGYPT
N/A
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place for copyright infringements
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability for copyright infringement is absent in Egypt's law and jurisprudence. Whether intermediary liability is recognised in the Egyptian Intellectual Property Law, opinions are not conclusive. Some experts consider Art. 147 of Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights covers intermediary liability due to its breadth, giving the author the right to prevent the exploitation of its work "in any form" and "in any manner, through computers, the Internet, information networks, communication networks, and other means”. An alternative view is that the law does not contain any provisions that explicitly impose liability upon Internet intermediaries for acts of infringement.
Coverage Internet intermediaries
EGYPT
N/A
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for any activity other than copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place beyond copyright infringements
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability beyond copyright infringement is absent in Egypt's law and jurisprudence. In addition, it is reported that "the introduction of the Anti-Cybercrime Law triggered a controversial public debate" in Egypt, in particular "the offences in Arts. 25, 27, 29, and 35 are very broadly defined, and cannot exclude a general liability for web administrators or managers of a legal entity for content-related violations". The application of the law will provide further clarity on this issue.
Coverage Internet intermediaries
EGYPT
Since July 2010
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator User identity requirement
General Rules and Conditions for Protecting Mobile and Fixed Users’ Rights In A.R.E. - The National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority
Art. 5 of the General Rules and Conditions for Protecting Mobile and Fixed Users’ Rights in A.R.E, published by the National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority (NTRA), stipulates that the identity and a national number of mobile and fixed-line services customers have to be registered "in all cases". It is also reported that, since 2010, NTRA has required distributors of SIM cards to collect personal data from buyers and copies of their identification documents before the cards can be activated.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
Sources
- https://www.tra.gov.eg/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/The-General-Rules-and-Conditions-for-Protecting-Mobile-and-Fixed-Users.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231212063205/https://freedomhouse.org/country/egypt/freedom-net/2021
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230206031859/https://privacyinternational.org/state-privacy/1001/state-privacy-egypt
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EGYPT
Since August 2018
Since August 2018
Since August 2018
Pillar Content access |
Indicator Blocking or filtering of commercial web content
Law No. 175 of 2018 on Anti-Cyber and Information Technology Crimes
قانون رقم 175 لسنة 2018 في شأن مكافحة جرائم تقنية المعلومات
Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام
قانون رقم 175 لسنة 2018 في شأن مكافحة جرائم تقنية المعلومات
Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام
Under Art. 7 of Egypt’s Law No. 175 of 2018, authorities may order the blocking of websites that broadcast content constituting a criminal offence or posing a threat to national security or the economy. Such orders must be submitted to a competent court within 24 hours and ruled upon within 72 hours. In urgent cases, a temporary block may be imposed but must be formalised within 48 hours or it becomes void. Courts may subsequently confirm, amend, or lift the block, which is nullified if the case is dismissed or results in acquittal. It has been reported that the National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority (NTRA) has instructed several telecom companies to block websites pursuant to Art. 7. As of June 2024, 562 websites have been blocked in Egypt, including approximately 132 news outlets.
A similar requirement is contained in Art. 4 of Egypt's Media Law No. 180 of 2018, which provides the right for the Supreme Council to block publications, newspapers, media or advertising issued or broadcast from abroad from entering Egypt "for considerations required by national security". Several international reports highlight that the government has abused this article by leveraging the vagueness of the concept of national security.
A similar requirement is contained in Art. 4 of Egypt's Media Law No. 180 of 2018, which provides the right for the Supreme Council to block publications, newspapers, media or advertising issued or broadcast from abroad from entering Egypt "for considerations required by national security". Several international reports highlight that the government has abused this article by leveraging the vagueness of the concept of national security.
Coverage Any website, including online news
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250112093223/https://cybercrime-fr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Egyptian-cybercrime-law-.pdf
- https://cyrilla.org/entity/eonsr41300kx0jqeipsvbcsor?file=1535965515592cnrjl3exh5u7x38v52p3uqsemi.pdf&page=3
- https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/es/text/578756
- https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/zh/text/578755
- https://freedomhouse.org/country/egypt/freedom-net/2022#B
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230612073038/https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=0c500c21-b8e6-4b54-8a00-558130c57ca0
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231212063205/https://freedomhouse.org/country/egypt/freedom-net/2021
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EGYPT
Since August 2018
Since February 2020
Since February 2020
Pillar Content access |
Indicator Restrictions on online advertising
Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام
Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 418 of 2020 Issuing Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 418 لسنة 2020 بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام الصادر بالقانون رقم 180
قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام
Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 418 of 2020 Issuing Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 418 لسنة 2020 بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام الصادر بالقانون رقم 180
The Media Licensing Regulations, issued in February 2020 to implement the Media Law, require media advertising companies to acquire a license to offer their services, while non-Egyptian media advertising companies have to pay a license fee and approval from the Supreme Council for Media (SCoM), which requires, among other things, operating within a specific media area, the availability to block any content involving, among other things, violence, suicide, self-harm or nudity.
It is reported that foreign platforms which facilitate paid advertising in Egypt may be required to register or obtain licences to ensure compliance with financial reporting and taxation obligations.
It is reported that foreign platforms which facilitate paid advertising in Egypt may be required to register or obtain licences to ensure compliance with financial reporting and taxation obligations.
Coverage Advertising sector
Sources
- https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/zh/text/578755
- https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/es/text/578756
- https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/advertising-marketing-2025/egypt
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230612073038/https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=0c500c21-b8e6-4b54-8a00-558130c57ca0
- https://www.mondaq.com/advertising-marketing-branding/1426214/advertising-agencies-in-egypt-governing-laws-and-restrictions&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1739201445797636&usg=AOvVaw3VTxiNzFFgzpdtIT6nouA3
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EGYPT
Reported in 2019, last reported in 2025
Pillar Content access |
Indicator Restrictions on online advertising
Reported restriction on online ads
It is reported that social media advertisements directed at Egyptian consumers are required to be presented in Arabic or accompanied by an Arabic translation.
Coverage Social media
EGYPT
Since August 2018
Since February 2020
Since February 2020
Pillar Content access |
Indicator Licensing schemes for digital services and applications
Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام
Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 418 of 2020 Issuing Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 418 لسنة 2020 بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام الصادر بالقانون رقم 180
قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام
Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 418 of 2020 Issuing Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 418 لسنة 2020 بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام الصادر بالقانون رقم 180
According to Art. 6 of Law 180 of 2018, a license from the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR) is required to establish and manage a website in Egypt and operate offices or branches for websites. This license requires, inter alia, operating inside a specific media area. If a license is not obtained, the SCMR can cease or block the website. The term "website" is defined in Art. 1 as "the licensed page, link or application through which press, media or advertising content is provided, whether textual, audio, visual, static, animated or multimedia, issued under a specific name, with a specific electronic address and domain and created, hosted or accessed through the International Information Network (Internet)", therefore it also covers any online links and applications through which press, media, or advertising content is provided. According to Art. 60 of the law, websites are required to pay a fee of EGP 50,000 (approx. USD 2,800) to obtain the license and gain legal status. In addition, pursuant to Art. 40 of Law 180 of 2018, any person wishing to issue a newspaper or establish a website is required to notify the Supreme Council and provide a description of the type of content, editorial policy, sources of funding, and other detailed information. Furthermore, Art. 41 adds that it is not permitted to issue a newspaper or establish a website before completing the notification data.
It is reported that, in June 2024, Egyptian authorities escalated enforcement by announcing plans to block all unlicensed platforms within three months and ordering banks to halt financial transfers to platforms operating illegally without licenses, effectively creating a comply-or-exit ultimatum for foreign technology companies.
It is reported that, in June 2024, Egyptian authorities escalated enforcement by announcing plans to block all unlicensed platforms within three months and ordering banks to halt financial transfers to platforms operating illegally without licenses, effectively creating a comply-or-exit ultimatum for foreign technology companies.
Coverage Any website, including online newspapers
Sources
- https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/zh/text/578755
- https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/es/text/578756
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230612073038/https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=0c500c21-b8e6-4b54-8a00-558130c57ca0
- https://itif.org/publications/2025/06/09/egypt-content-moderation-regulation/
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