Database

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ZIMBABWE

N/A

Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) goods  |  Sub-pillar Participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and 2015 expansion (ITA II)
Lack of participation in the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and in ITA Expansion Agreement (ITA II)
Zimbabwe is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).
Coverage ICT goods

ZIMBABWE

Since January 2018, last amended in 2020

Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Exclusion from public procurement
Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets (General) Regulations of 2018
According to Art. 10.3 of the Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Property (General) Regulations 2018, foreign bidders must be invited when the value of the procurement requirement exceeds USD 300,000 for goods or USD 200,000 for consultancy and non-consultancy services. Below these thresholds, procuring entities may invite bids exclusively from Zimbabwean suppliers.
Coverage Horizontal

OMAN

Since 2008

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Sub-pillar Adoption of United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Oman has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal

OMAN

Since 2008

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Sub-pillar Adoption of United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Oman has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal

OMAN

Since 2002

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Customs Clearance Rules
According to Art. 9 of the Customs Clearance Rules, only a company or sole proprietorship entirely owned by Omani citizens or nationals can obtain a licence for customs clearance activity.
Coverage Horizontal

OMAN

Since November 2007
Since 2000

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Self-certification for product safety
Gulf Technical Regulation for Low Voltage Electrical Equipment and Appliances – BD-142004-01
(اللائحة الفنية الخليجية للأجهزة والمعدات الكهربائية منخفضة الجهد (-142004-01BD))

Omani Quality Mark and Certificate of Conformity Regulations
(قرار وزاري رقم ١٩٠ / ٢٠٢١ بإصدار اللائحة الفنية لنظام المطابقة)
According to the GSO Technical Regulation for Low Voltage Electrical Equipment and Appliances – BD-142004-01, which includes an amendment and an update of the first edition, number (BD07070503) was implemented in 2007. Electrical appliances designed to be used in a certain rated voltage range must be sold bearing the G mark after being certified by the GCC Notified Body.
Products that fall under List 1 under the Regulation are low-risk; thus, a self-declaration form prepared by the manufacturer can be made by affixing the “G” before placing the product on the market. Products that fall under List 2 are higher-risk electrical products, which will undergo mandatory Type testing and review of the product's Technical File to verify conformity before authorisation is granted to affix the “G” mark before placing the product onto the market.
However, for List 2 products, manufacturers must choose a single Notified Body (NB) entity to examine the technical design of a product and verify that the technical design of the product meets the requirements of the applicable Gulf Technical Regulations and for the issuance of an evaluation report with a Gulf Type Examination certificate and shall be issued a certificate from the NB.
Moreover, according to Art. 1 of the Omani Quality Mark and Certificate of Conformity Regulations, a non-Omani Supplier's Declaration of Conformity, as long as it abides by the provisions of the regulation are accepted.
Coverage Electrical goods

OMAN

Since March 2002, last amended in 2015

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Restrictions on encryption standards
Telecommunications Regulatory Act (Royal Decree 30/2002)
(مرسوم سلطاني رقم ٣٠ / ٢٠٠٢ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات)
The country’s Telecommunications Regulatory Act (Art. 48) requires a license from the Minister in order to utilise encryption in telecommunications or between computer networks. The license determines who may operate, the conditions of operating, fees imposed for the issue of the license, and control of the encryption key.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

OMAN

Since March 2002, last amended in 2015
Since March 2008

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Restrictions on encryption standards
Telecommunications Regulatory Act (Royal Decree 30/2002)
(مرسوم سلطاني رقم ٣٠ / ٢٠٠٢ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات)

Decision No. 37/2008 - Rules for importing, exporting, re-exporting and usage of Encryption Systems and Equipment
(هيئة تنظيم الاتصالات: قرار رقم ٣٧ / ٢٠٠٨ ضوابط استيراد وتصدير وإعادة تصدير واستخدام أنظمة وأجهزة التشفير)
Pursuant to the Telecommunications Regulatory Act, the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority issued Decision No. 37/2008. In accordance with Arts. 4 and 5, dealing in encryption systems or equipment should only be permitted after obtaining the Authority’s approval. The following are required to obtain the Authority’s approval to deal with encryption systems or equipment:
- Registration with the Authority to deal in encryption systems or equipment;
- Submission of a statement showing the type and specifications of all encryption systems or equipment intended to deal in;
- A sample of the encryption system or equipment intended to be dealt with whenever requested by the Authority. Where samples are submitted, the Authority may retain them in whole or in part if the work interest so requires;
- Information as requested by the Authority regarding the dealing user;
In addition, the Authority may scrutinise and inspect the encryption systems or equipment before licensing their usage, and it may, whenever necessary, retain a sample and obtain the key (Art. 9).
Coverage Horizontal

OMAN

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Sub-pillar Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Lack of de minimis threshold
Oman does not implement any de minimis threshold, which is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties.
Coverage Horizontal

OMAN

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Sub-pillar Restrictions on domain names
Restriction on Domain Names
It is reported that in order to register a ".om", ".com.om" or ".co.om" domain, the domain owner must have a local administrative contact in Oman.
Coverage Horizontal

OMAN

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Sub-pillar Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Lack of comprehensive consumer protection law applicable to online commerce
Oman does not have a legal framework that applies consumer protection to online transactions.
Coverage Horizontal

OMAN

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Sub-pillar Ratification of the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of signature of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Oman has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal

OMAN

Since May 2008

Pillar Intermediary liability  |  Sub-pillar Safe harbour for intermediaries for copyright infringement
Royal Decree No. 69/2008 on Electronic Transactions Law
The Electronic Transactions Law establishes a safe harbour regime for intermediaries for copyright infringements. According to Art. 14.1 of the law, an Intermediary shall not be held responsible civilly or criminally for any information received in the form of electronic records concerning a third party if the Intermediary is not the originator of such information and his role is restricted to providing access to such information if such responsibility arises on:
(a) Originating, publishing, or distributing such information or any data included therein.
(b) Trespassing on any of the personal rights related to such information.
For absolving the Intermediary from responsibility based on the above, the following shall be ascertained:
(a) He has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances, in the ordinary course of things, capable of creating criminal or civil responsibility; and
(b) In case of his knowledge of any of the above, he has immediately removed all information from any information system under his control and stopped access to or display of such information.
Coverage Internet Service Providers

OMAN

Since May 2008

Pillar Intermediary liability  |  Sub-pillar Safe harbour for intermediaries for any activity other than copyright infringement
Royal Decree No. 69/2008 on Electronic Transactions Law
The Electronic Transactions Law establishes a safe harbour regime for intermediaries beyond copyright infringements. According to Art. 14.1 of the law, an Intermediary shall not be held responsible civilly or criminally for any information received in the form of electronic records concerning a third party if the Intermediary is not the originator of such information and his role is restricted to providing access to such information if such responsibility arises on:
(a) Originating, publishing, or distributing such information or any data included therein.
(b) Trespassing on any of the personal rights related to such information.
For absolving the Intermediary from responsibility based on the above, the following shall be ascertained:
(a) He has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances, in the ordinary course of things, capable of creating criminal or civil responsibility; and
(b) In case of his knowledge of any of the above, he has immediately removed all information from any information system under his control and stopped access to or display of such information.
Coverage Internet Service Providers

OMAN

Reported in 2021, last reported in 2023

Pillar Intermediary liability  |  Sub-pillar User identity requirement
Mandatory SIM card registration
It is reported that Oman imposes an identity requirement for SIM registration. Anyone wanting to purchase a SIM card has to provide their national ID card or a passport in case of foreigners to activate a new prepaid SIM card.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

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