Although Armenian legislation provides protection for intellectual property rights (IPR), enforcement remains challenging. It is reported that in 2023, Armenia had the highest rate of unlicensed software in the region, at 79%, followed by the Republic of Moldova (77%) and Belarus (76%). While the Armenian government has made some progress in addressing IPR issues, further strengthening of enforcement mechanisms is reportedly necessary.

Armenia has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Armenia has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.

Armenia is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

It is reported that the Eurasian Economic Union, which includes Armenia, imposed definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of aluminium strip (HS code subheadings 7606.11.91.00, 7606.12.20.09 and 7606.12.92.09) originating in Azerbaijan and China on 24 October 2020. The duty rate applicable to imports from Azerbaijan was set at 16.18%, while the corresponding rate for imports from China was established at 13.14%. On 17 October 2025, the Eurasian Economic Union published a notice extending the application of these definitive duties until 29 June 2026. These products are used to manufacture components for ICT goods, including heat sinks, printed circuit boards (PCBs), charging cables, HDMI cables, and displays.

Tendering processes in the country are reportedly characterised by a lack of transparency. Companies consider the efforts of the Competition Protection Commission (CPC) alone to be insufficient to ensure a level playing field, emphasising the need for improvements across other state institutions and authorities that support competition, including those responsible for public procurement. Stakeholders report that the time allowed for preparing bids following the announcement of a tender is often limited, and that documentation requirements, particularly those involving translations, can be burdensome for companies operating outside Armenia.
It is reported that although the law establishes a preference for open tendering in procurement processes, this approach has been used relatively infrequently in recent years, with greater reliance placed on framework agreements and negotiation procedures without prior announcement.

Pursuant to Section 9 of the Annex to Decision No. 884-L of 14 June 2024 on the Development and Implementation of the “Cloud First” Policy, when selecting a cloud environment for hosting an official website, preference must be given, all other conditions being equal, to server infrastructure located within Armenia.

Armenia is a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). Its GPA commitments include full coverage of computer and related services (CPC 84). However, Armenia’s commitments do not cover other service sectors that are particularly relevant for digital trade. In particular, the country covers only part of the activities falling under CPC 752 (telecommunications services) and does not cover CPC 754 (telecommunications-related services).

The legal framework regulating foreign investment in Armenia is set out in the Law of the Republic of Armenia on Foreign Investments. Under Art. 6, foreign investments must not be treated less favourably than the property, property rights, and investment activities of citizens, enterprises, institutions, and organisations of Armenia. Art. 6.3 provides that, for national security reasons, the Republic of Armenia may specify areas in which the activities of foreign investors and enterprises with foreign participation are restricted or prohibited. Nevertheless, Armenia is reported to impose few restrictions on foreign control, and foreign nationals face no limitations on acquiring, establishing, or disposing of business interests in the country, while business registration procedures are generally straightforward.

Australia has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Australia has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Australia has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

According to Australia's de minimis rule, goods with a value of up to AUD 1.000 (approx. 650 USD) are exempt from taxes and duties collected by customs. This is above the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

Pursuant to Section 1.5.2 of the .au Domain Administration Rules, a person may apply to register a ".au" domain name licence, provided that the domain name is available and the applicant satisfies the Australian presence requirement. For these purposes, “Australian presence” includes: (i) an individual who is ordinarily resident in Australia and is either an Australian citizen or the holder of a permanent resident visa; (ii) a company registered under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth); (iii) an incorporated association established under State or Territory legislation; among other eligible entities.