In accordance with Art. 11 of Regulation No. 7, foreign ownership is limited to less than 50% for import and export services, except in instances where foreign equity is necessary for the purposes of performing the economic activity. It has been reported that the foreign equity limit is subject to approval by the Cabinet based on a recommendation by the Minister of Investment. Regulation No. 7 superseded Regulation No. 77, which had previously replaced Regulation No. 54. Similar restrictions to those in Art. 11 of Regulation No. 7 were also stipulated in Art. 4 of Regulation No. 77 and Art. 3 of Regulation No. 54.

It is reported that for national security purposes, foreign investors must undergo security screening through the Ministry of Interior, which is handled as part of the registration process.

Jordan is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

Jordan has a copyright regime under Law No. 22/1992, which was last amended by Law No. 9/2005 on Copyright Protection. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, therefore limiting the lawful use of copyrighted work by others. Art. 17 lists the exceptions, which include presenting for educational purposes; employing the work for private personal use; relying on the work for illustration in education; among others

Although Jordan has made strides in providing more comprehensive protection of intellectual property (IP) rights, significant challenges regarding IP protection and enforcement continue to persist. Reports indicate that both physical and online copyright infringement remain widespread, with a notable proportion of videos and software sold in the marketplace being pirated. Many retail outlets openly sell television set-top boxes that facilitate access to pirated content. The National Library, as the leading IP authority in Jordan, has acknowledged difficulties in combating these infringements, citing a lack of adequate resources.

Jordan has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Jordan has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.

Jordan has established a legal framework that effectively safeguards trade secrets through Law No. 15/2000 on Trade Secrets and Unfair Competition. Arts. 5 to 7 of this Law delineate fundamental principles concerning the protection of trade secrets. Art. 5 affirms the rights of individuals who lawfully control trade secrets, enabling them to disclose, utilise, and protect these secrets from any form of misuse. Art. 6 characterises the misappropriation of trade secrets as the unauthorised acquisition, use, or disclosure of such secrets in contravention of fair commercial practices. This provision specifies particular violations, including breaches of contract and inducements to violate trust, while clarifying that individual access or reverse engineering does not amount to misuse. Finally, Art. 7 empowers the lawful controller of trade secrets to seek compensation for damages resulting from misuse and to initiate legal actions aimed at halting misuse, seizing misappropriated items, and preserving relevant evidence.

It is reported that there is an obligation for passive infrastructure sharing in Jordan to deliver telecom services to end users. Passive sharing is practised in both the mobile and fixed sectors based on commercial agreements.

Jordan is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996, but is not a signatory of its 2015 expansion (ITA II).

Art. 15(b) of the Government Procurement Regulation No. 8 of 2022 establishes a preference for domestic bidders or price preferences. Moreover, Art. 8.7 grants priority to domestic products over a foreign product if the bids are equivalent. The article stipulates that preference is given to local products determined by the Council of Ministers, provided that they fulfil the requirements stipulated in the purchase documents, and grants priority in terms of price only.

Japan has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Japan has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Japan has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.