Cambodia has a copyright regime under the Law on Copyright and Related Rights. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, therefore limiting the lawful use of copyrighted work by others. Section 4 lists the exceptions, which include: free and private representations made exclusively to a close circle of people, such as family or friends; the purposes of education, which is not for financial gain; translation of works from the Khmer language into the languages of the ethnic minorities or vice versa; among others (Arts. 23-29).

It is reported that Copyright is not adequately enforced online in Cambodia. Signal and cable piracy reportedly persist at high levels, and online platforms offering pirated music, films, e-books, software, and television shows remain widely used.

Cambodia has not signed the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Cambodia has not signed the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.

Cambodia is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

In accordance with Art. 12 of the Law on Public Procurement, international competitive bidding is applied to procurement activities of substantial value and high technical complexity. Conversely, domestic competitive bidding is used when sufficient domestic products, production capacity, or construction capabilities are available. This 2023 legislation replaces the previous Law of the same name enacted in January 2012, which included a similar provision under Art. 11.
According to Art. 11 of the 2023 Law, the conditions, thresholds, and procedures for implementing each procurement method shall be determined by a Prakas issued by the Minister of Economy and Finance. Although the relevant implementing regulation could not be found online, it is reported that in November 2023, Cambodia amended the thresholds for international competitive bidding through Prakas No. 833, setting them at (i) KHR 10 billion (approx. USD 2.5 million) for goods and (ii) KHR 8 billion (approx. USD 2 million) for services.
Additionally, pursuant to Chapter 6 (Qualifications of Bidders) of the Law on Public Procurement, the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) requires all companies, contractors, and consultants wishing to participate in public procurement tenders to register with the MEF and undergo a screening process.

An informal requirement to present a special permit issued by the head of the customs house to the customs officer is reported to constrain export procedures. To obtain this permit, exporters must submit a written petition to the head of the relevant customs house. Although there are no reported cases of such requests being denied, the practice lacks a legal foundation and remains inconsistent with the existing regulatory framework.

Armenia is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU); nevertheless, in addition to the EAEU technical regulations of the Customs Union, there is a national conformity assessment procedure based on the Government Decree No. 2228-N of 15.12.2005 on the Approval of the Technical Regulation of Radio Equipment and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment.
Decree No. 2228-N establishes mandatory certification for in-scope radio and telecom terminal equipment. According to Section 7 of the Decree, the sale of equipment subject to mandatory conformity assessment without mandatory conformity assessment is prohibited in the territory of the Republic of Armenia. Equipment subject to mandatory conformity assessment in the territory of the Republic of Armenia must be accompanied by a certificate of conformity and affixed with the national mark of conformity.
Conformity assessment is performed by certification bodies and accredited testing laboratories under the national schemes cited in the decree; the regulation provides no supplier’s declaration (SDoC) route and does not provide for the recognition of foreign CAB certificates/MRAs.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is EUR 200.

Armenia lacks a comprehensive consumer protection framework specifically applicable to online transactions. The existing regime, established under the Law of the Republic of Armenia on the Protection of Rights of Consumers (2001) and Law on Trade and Services (Chapter 4.1), provides general consumer protection provisions; however, it is reported that these are not comprehensively applicable to the context of online commerce.

Armenia has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Armenia has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Armenia has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.