Eritrea’s statistics on patent filing registration show that all its patent application were made abroad, both by residents and non-residents. The country is not a signatory of any of the international treaties on IP, and has no written mechanism to register patents in the country. There is a general lack of data and information on the IP environment in country and a lack of transparency.

There are complaints on the lack of transparency regarding the enforcement of patents, with difficulties of knowing the extent of protection, and with no data on enforcement and judicial actions.

Eritrea is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

Eritrea does not have legislation specifically regulating public procurement, resulting in a lack of transparency in this area.

Eritrea is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) nor does it have observer status.

Art. 5 of the Investment Proclamation No. 59/1994 states that all sectors are open to any investors, with the exception of domestic retail, domestic wholesale, import, and commission agency companies, which are excluded unless there is a bilateral agreement of reciprocity. Yet, it is reported that in practice, this law has been suspended and the ruling Peoples Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ) determines the sectors in which private investment is accepted and defines the terms under which it is permitted. As a result, investment is de facto prohibited in most sectors of the economy, with the exception of mining. It has also been reported that the majority of large enterprises are either wholly or partially owned by the government or the PFDJ.

Canada has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Canada has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Canada has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

While specific complaints for the trade of goods and services fall under provincial and territorial jurisdiction, Canada maintains a national consumer protection legislative framework, which encompasses laws surrounding competition, product and user safety, environmental concerns, and financial regulations.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 15, below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

Parties wishing to obtain a ".ca" domain name will need to satisfy the Canadian Internet Registration Authority's Canadian Presence Requirements, which reserves ".ca" domain names for Canadian citizens, permanent residents, companies incorporated in a Canadian jurisdiction, partnerships registered in Canada, and entities with Canadian trademarks. Domain names can be licensed to by the registrant either through a stand-alone licence agreement or as part of a larger transaction.

Industry Canada (IC) establishes the compliance regulations for radios, digital devices and other unintentional radiators. Certification is required according to some typical emissions standards such as ICES-003 (ITE) and ICES-001 (ISM equipment). Some applications of digital devices are exempted from IC technical standards. In many cases, such exempted equipment falls under the jurisdiction of other authorities. Results from accredited laboratories in countries with which Canada has a Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) are accepted. Supplier’s Declaration of Conformity (SDoC) accepted within the telecommunications sector since 2002.

The Radiocommunication Act of 1985 requires a Technical Acceptance Certificate (TAC) for broadcasting transmitters, portable radio transmitters, digital scanner receivers, cellular phones, remote car alarms and starters, garage door openers, and wireless computer links. Testing in an accredited laboratory is obligatory. Recertification is required for any product changes, and demands the involvement of local authorities.