Japan has adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Japan has adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.

Japan is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 and its 2015 expansion (ITA II).

The Japanese government maintains policies to encourage the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in government procurement. According to Arts. 4 and 5 of Act No. 97, the central government and public corporations are required to set their own procurement target values for the procurement from SMEs on an annual basis. It has been reported that in 2021, the target amount for the procurement from micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) by the Government was set at JPY 4.8 trillion (approx. USD 31 billion), which represents 61% of the total budget for public procurement spending. Furthermore, the target amount for new MSMEs that are less than 10 years old was set at 3%. In accordance with Art. 8, sub-central government entities follow the policies set up for the central government entities on an "endeavour basis".

It is reported that foreign firms in several sectors have expressed concern that the Japanese Government at times employs technical specifications that may exclude foreign products and services and, in certain cases, may also exert pressure on relevant entities to favour domestic companies in procurement processes.

Japan is a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). Although its commitments include a service sector regarded as central to digital trade, namely computer and related services (CPC 84), they do not extend to telecommunication‑related services (CPC 754), while telecommunication services (CPC 752) are only partly included.

Ar. 4.1 of the "Act on Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, etc." stipulates that the government must at all times hold more than one‑third of the total number of issued shares in the telecommunications company Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT).

Japan has implemented foreign direct investment (FDI) screening mechanisms through the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act (Act No. 228 of 1949), supplemented by procedural regulations such as the Cabinet Order on Inward Direct Investment. Under this Act, foreign investors in "Designated Business Sectors" or "Core Business Sectors" are required to submit a prior notification to the relevant ministry. After reviewing the notification, the ministry may either approve, amend, or suspend the proposed investment.
According to the Cabinet Order on Inward Direct Investment, "Core Business Sectors" include industries where foreign investors (e.g., non-residents or foreign corporations) must file prior notification for direct investment, such as acquiring 1% or more of voting rights in a listed company or purchasing shares in an unlisted company. These sectors, considered highly sensitive, are generally not exempt from prior notification requirements due to national security concerns.
The List of Classifications of Listed Companies outlines core business sectors such as semiconductors and dual-use technologies, metal mining of significant mineral resources, cybersecurity-related services (e.g., network security monitoring and critical infrastructure protection), and telecommunications. Non-core business sectors include software, data processing services, and internet-use support businesses.

According to Arts. 8 and 184.11 of the Patent Act, the appointment of an agent is required if the applicant is not resident in Japan. Such an agent must be a resident of Japan or a firm registered to practice before the Japan Patent Office. In addition, pursuant to the Art. 184.4, translation of international applications is required into Japanese.

Japan is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

Art. 12 of the Law on Payment Services and Payment Systems stipulates that the issuance of electronic money within the territory of Azerbaijan may be undertaken solely by banks and local branches of foreign banks, the national postal operator, and electronic money institutions, meaning that only electronic money issued and authorised domestically is legally recognised. The issuer must immediately generate electronic money equivalent to the funds received for that purpose and ensure that the electronic money holder can use it. The currency, maximum permissible amount of electronic money, and the upper limit of obligations arising from electronic money issued by a single issuer are to be determined by normative acts of the Central Bank. Pursuant to Art. 13.2, legal entities, local branches of foreign legal entities, and individual entrepreneurs may acquire electronic money only by transferring funds from their respective payment accounts to the issuer. Art. 14 further requires electronic money institutions to submit information concerning payment accounts opened for such persons to the designated body of the relevant executive authority, in the manner and within the timeframe prescribed by that body. Arts. 52 and 57 govern the licensing of local branches of foreign payment institutions, foreign electronic money institutions, and foreign operators, thereby requiring any foreign payment service providers, electronic money issuers, or payment system operators seeking to operate in Azerbaijan to do so through licensed branch offices.

Section 2.1.4 of "The Preferential and Simplified Rules of Movement by Physical Persons through Customs Border of the Goods which Are Not Provided for Production or for Dealing Purposes" provides that certain goods may be brought across the customs border without payment of customs duties. This applies to goods delivered into the customs territory once per calendar month in the name of the same individual via international postal consignments or a courier service, provided that their total customs value does not exceed USD 300.

The Law on Electronic Commerce provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions.