Türkiye has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Türkiye has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.

According to Art. 171.b of the Decree-law No.551, patent agents entered in the records of the Turkish Patent Institute have the capacity to act before the Institute. The persons domiciled abroad have to be represented by patent agents.

Türkiye is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

Türkiye is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

Türkiye has a copyright regime under Law No. 5846 on Intellectual and Artistic Works. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, therefore limiting the lawful use of copyrighted work by others. Arts. 30-37 list the exceptions, which include the use of the work before the court and other government offices for its proof and as the subject of a proceeding in the absolute security and penalty procedures; the inclusion of some parts of the intellectual and artistic works in the media used for sign, sound or image transmission in relation to daily events, provided that these have the characteristics of an interview; among others.

As of 2019, online media service providers, including on-demand services providers, must obtain a new license for online broadcasting and are required to establish in Türkiye in accordance with the provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code.

As of 2019, online media service providers, including on-demand services providers, must obtain a new license for online broadcasting and are required to establish in Türkiye in accordance with the provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code.

E-money and e-payment services providers must be licensed by the Central Bank of Türkiye in order to operate in Türkiye. Furthermore, e-money institutions and payment services providers are required to establish their Turkish entities and localize their Turkish businesses by June 2015. The conditions and procedures for foreign payment service providers who wish to provide payment services in Türkiye are currently under review.

E-money and e-payment services providers must be licensed by the Central Bank of Türkiye in order to operate in Türkiye. Furthermore, e-money institutions and payment services providers are required to establish their Turkish entities and localize their Turkish businesses by June 2015. The conditions and procedures for foreign payment service providers who wish to provide payment services in Türkiye are currently under review.

According to Art. 171.b of the Decree-law No.551, patent agents entered in the records of the Turkish Patent Institute have the capacity to act before the Institute. The persons domiciled abroad have to be represented by patent agents.

Türkiye is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). However, the country has been an observer of the WTO GPA since 1996.

The Regulation on the Implementation of the Turkish Industrial Cooperation Program gives civilian ministries the authority to impose commercial offset requirements in procurement contracts. A foreign company that wins a Turkish government procurement contract may be required to produce a certain percentage locally or with a local partner or transfer technology in order to provide its products and services.

The Regulation on the Implementation of the Turkish Industrial Cooperation Program gives civilian ministries the authority to impose commercial offset requirements in procurement contracts. A foreign company that wins a Turkish government procurement contract may be required to produce a certain percentage locally or with a local partner or transfer technology in order to provide its products and services.

It is reported that although Turkish government procurement law requires government contracting agencies to consider best value pricing, the lowest-cost bids are selected in most tenders. In a scenario involving the procurement of highly technical goods or services, this may prevent consideration of bids from firms with the highest capacity and best abilities, including foreign firms, i.e., those that provide a greater number of services, lower life cycle costs, and higher quality products. It is also reported that certain other features of the Turkish procurement system have the effect of severely limiting the ability of foreign companies to participate in government tenders. First, Turkish procurement law mandates the use of model contracts, i.e., standard forms, which many government procuring agencies refuse to modify. These model contracts make it difficult for foreign companies to formulate proposals that are fully responsive to procuring agencies’ requirements. In addition, foreign companies, including those with Turkish subsidiaries, have reported difficulties complying with onerous documentation requirements imposed by contracting agencies.