TUNISIA
Reported in 2022, last reported in 2024
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other limitations on foreign participation in public procurement
Lack of transparency in tenders
It is reported that although an electronic public procurement system was introduced in 2018 to enhance transparency, competition for government tenders remains vulnerable to corruption.
Coverage Horizontal
SUDAN
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Lack of comprehensive consumer protection law applicable to online commerce
Sudan lacks a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that applies to online transactions.
Coverage Horizontal
SUDAN
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of signature of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Sudan has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal
SUDAN
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Sudan has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal
SUDAN
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Sudan has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal
SUDAN
Reported in 2024
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Import ban applied on ICT goods or online services
Ban on Starlink hardware
It is reported that, since early 2024, Sudanese authorities have prohibited the import and possession of Starlink satellite internet devices. An official letter from the Director General of the Telecommunications and Post Regulatory Authority (TPRA) to the Director General of Police ordered the enforcement of a ban on the ownership of Starlink terminals and instructed the police to take all necessary measures to prevent their circulation and use.
Coverage Starlink
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250319004658/https://freedomhouse.org/country/sudan/freedom-net/2024
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250509085033/https://www.atheernews.net/131334/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20251219220443/https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fwadabbata%2Fposts%2Fpfbid02D9vPeNsGqYBUgA2oYKtkZjhjjJYdCZRPj7VwqmAxTKfiyJPJpp...
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250422202734/https://thesudantimes.com/sudan/smuggled-starlink-dishes-provide-vital-support-in-war-torn-sudan/
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SUDAN
Since January 2018
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Telecommunications and Postal Regulation Law 2018
قانون تنظيم الاتصالات و البريد 2018
قانون تنظيم الاتصالات و البريد 2018
According to Art. 19 of the Telecommunications and Postal Regulation Law, no person may assemble telecommunications or transmission devices, or manufacture, import, export or trade in such devices, without first obtaining a licence from the Board and the competent authorities.
Coverage Telecommunications equipment
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20251219215553/https://tpra.gov.sd/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/THE-TELECOMMUNICATION-AND-POST-ORGANIATION-Act2018-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9.pdf
- https://wayback-api.archive.org/web/20240121234301/https://tpra.gov.sd/tpra/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Telecommunications-and-Postal-Regulation-Act.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240928180843/https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/sudan-prohibited-and-restricted-imports
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SUDAN
Since January 2018
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Export restrictions on ICT goods or online services
Telecommunications and Postal Regulation Law 2018
قانون تنظيم الاتصالات و البريد 2018
قانون تنظيم الاتصالات و البريد 2018
According to Art. 19 of the Telecommunications and Postal Regulation Law, no person may assemble telecommunications or transmission devices, or manufacture, import, export or trade in such devices, without first obtaining a licence from the Board and the competent authorities.
Coverage Telecommunications equipment
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20251219215553/https://tpra.gov.sd/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/THE-TELECOMMUNICATION-AND-POST-ORGANIATION-Act2018-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9.pdf
- https://wayback-api.archive.org/web/20240121234301/https://tpra.gov.sd/tpra/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Telecommunications-and-Postal-Regulation-Act.pdf
SUDAN
N/A
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Self-certification for product safety
Supplier Declaration of Conformity allowed for foreign businesses
Type approval procedures in Sudan are regulated by the Telecommunications and Post Regulatory Authority (TPRA). It is reported that the homologation process in Sudan does not require local laboratory testing or contact with local representatives. However, a product sample can be requested from the authority for viewing.
Coverage Electronic products
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220120024958/https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Technology/Documents/Events2014/CI_Training_ARB_Tunis_March14/Sudan_presentation.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20221219162702/https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/stg/D-STG-SG02.04.1-2017-PDF-E.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240911074632/https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/sud189212.pdf
- https://ib-lenhardt.com/type-approval/sudan
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231004110135/https://www.mohamah.net/law/%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5-%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8...
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SUDAN
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Lack of de minimis threshold
Sudan does not implement any de minimis threshold, which is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties.
Coverage Horizontal
SUDAN
N/A
Pillar Cross-border data policies |
Indicator Participation in trade agreements committing to open cross-border data flows
Lack of participation in agreements with binding commitments on data flows
Sudan has not joined any agreement with binding commitments to open transfers of data across borders.
Coverage Horizontal
SUDAN
N/A
Pillar Domestic data policies |
Indicator Framework for data protection
Lack of comprehensive legal framework for data protection
Sudan does not have a comprehensive regime in place for personal data, but it has the Electronic Transactions Act 2007 as a sectoral regulation. A data protection authority has not yet been appointed.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240709080900/https://dataprotection.africa/sudan/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241120185557/https://sherloc.unodc.org/cld/document/sdn/2007/electronic_transactions_act.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241120185501/https://sherloc.unodc.org/cld/uploads/res/document/sdn/2007/cyber_crimes_act_html/Sudan_electronic_transactions_act_2007.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240927025108/https://unctad.org/topic/ecommerce-and-digital-economy/ecommerce-law-reform/summary-adoption-e-commerce-legislation-worldwide
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SUDAN
Since June 2014
Pillar Domestic data policies |
Indicator Minimum period for data retention
Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism Act 2014
( قانون مكافحة غسل الأموال وتمويل الإرهاب لسنة 2014)
( قانون مكافحة غسل الأموال وتمويل الإرهاب لسنة 2014)
According to Art. 6 of the Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism Act 2014, financial and non-financial institutions are required to keep records and data relating to customers and transactions and ensure that these records and information are made available to the competent authorities with reasonable speed. The records must be kept for a period of at least five years after the termination of the business relationship or the execution of the incidental transaction, whichever is longer. The article also stipulates that records and data relating to domestic and international transactions, whether executed or attempted, should be kept for at least five years after the transaction, and such records shall be detailed enough to allow the steps of each transaction to be tracked separately.
Coverage Horizontal
SUDAN
Since January 2018
Pillar Domestic data policies |
Indicator Requirement to allow the government to access personal data collected
Telecommunications and Postal Regulation Law 2018
قانون تنظيم الاتصالات و البريد 2018
قانون تنظيم الاتصالات و البريد 2018
According to Art. 25(t) of the Telecommunications and Postal Regulation Law, telecommunications operators shall grant the Telecommunication and Postal Regulation Authority access to their facilities, networks and equipment, and to allow the installation of devices necessary for performance measurement and monitoring. It is reported that, under this framework, telecommunications companies are required to provide customer data to the authorities upon request.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
Sources
- https://wayback-api.archive.org/web/20240121234301/https://tpra.gov.sd/tpra/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Telecommunications-and-Postal-Regulation-Act.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20251219215553/https://tpra.gov.sd/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/THE-TELECOMMUNICATION-AND-POST-ORGANIATION-Act2018-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230328152637/https://cipesa.org/wp-content/files/briefs/Privacy-Imperilled-Analysis-of-Surveillance-Encryption-and-Data-Localisation-Laws-in-Africa-Report.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250319004658/https://freedomhouse.org/country/sudan/freedom-net/2024
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SUDAN
N/A
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place for copyright infringements
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability for copyright infringement is absent in Sudan's law and jurisprudence.
Coverage Internet intermediaries
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240723125749/https://wilmap.stanford.edu/entries/convention-cyber-security-and-personal-data-protection
- https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text/565140
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231003025945/https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/29560-treaty-0048_-_african_union_convention_on_cyber_security_and_personal_data_protection_e.pdf
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