A basic legal framework on intermediary liability beyond copyright infringement is absent in Tajikistan's law and jurisprudence.

According to Art. 21 of the Law on Electric Communication, users are obliged to comply with the rules established for the use of electric communication services and, when concluding a contract, to present documents confirming the identity of a natural person or the constituent documents of a legal entity. Furthermore, pursuant to Art. 20, operators and providers of electric communications services are obliged to conclude contracts directly with natural or legal persons on the basis of identity documents for natural persons or constituent documents for legal persons. It should be noted that according to Art. 2, a natural person must present a passport (registration certificate for stateless persons) and a state registration certificate for legal persons. Services of electric communication are defined as the product of activities of the operator and provider for acceptance, transfer, and processing of signals and other types of information through networks of electric communication.

In 2023, the government reportedly restricted online content on multiple occasions. Authorities blocked access to websites considered sensitive, such as YouTube, Twitter (now X), Facebook, ICQ and IMO, as well as virtual private network (VPN) connections, including those of diplomatic missions and international companies; they also severely limited Internet access to other websites. Security services reportedly subpoenaed VPN users to interrogate them about their online activities. In addition, it is estimated that between 2021 and 2022, more than 122,000 domains were blocked.

Law No. 403 provides a framework for the effective protection of trade secrets.

There is no obligation for passive infrastructure sharing in Tajikistan to deliver telecom services to end users.

It is reported that Tojiktelecom is the state-owned incumbent telecommunications operator. Tojiktelecom also holds a 25% stake in TT-Mobile, the second largest of Tajikistan's four mobile operators.

Tajikistan does not mandate functional or accounting separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market.

Tajikistan has appended the World Trade Organization (WTO) Telecom Reference Paper to its schedule of commitments.

Tajikistan has a telecommunications authority: Communication Service under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan. According to Art. 1 of Decree 1026, which established the rule, it is not independent from the government.

According to Art. 18.2 of the Personal Data Act, international transfers of data are permitted to countries that provide adequate protection for personal data. However, the law does not provide a definition or description of what constitutes 'adequate protection'. Moreover, cross-border transfers to countries that do not provide adequate protection are possible in the following cases: with the consent of the data subject, where provided by international treaties binding on Tajikistan; for the protection of the rights and freedoms of persons and citizens, if it is impossible to obtain consent; and where provided by law, if it is necessary for the protection of constitutional order, public order, the rights and freedoms of persons and citizens, the health and integrity of citizens, and state security.

Tajikistan has not joined any agreement with binding commitments to open transfers of data across borders.

Act No. 1537 provides a comprehensive regime of data protection in Tajikistan.

A basic legal framework on intermediary liability for copyright infringement is absent in Tajikistan's law and jurisprudence.

Copyright is not adequately enforced online in Tajikistan. Reports highlight the absence of effective and transparent procedures to ensure legitimate government use of software. Furthermore, Tajikistan has allocated limited resources to enforcing intellectual property rights (IPR) laws, resulting in the continued circulation of pirated media. It is also reported that over 90% of software and other media products sold in the country are unlicensed copies.

Tajikistan has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.