Database

Browse Database

ZIMBABWE

Since March 2000

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Self-certification for product safety
Postal and Telecommunications Act, [Chapter 12:05]
According to Section 62, the telecommunication apparatus requires approval of the Authority before it is connected for use by a licensee. As a basis of approval, the Authority may publish a notice in the Gazette establishing standards to which an apparatus of a specified description shall conform to be approved. It is reported that self-declaration of conformity is not allowed in Zimbabwe.
Coverage Telecom equipment

ZIMBABWE

Since August 2020

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Restrictions on online payments
Mid-Term Monetary Policy Statement
According to Art. 47 of the Mid-Term Monetary Policy Statement, users are restricted to only one mobile wallet account per person and a daily transfer limit of ZW 5,000 (approx. USD 50). This applies to individuals for person-to-person transfers, person-to-merchant payments for goods and services, bill settlement and purchase of airtime. In addition, pursuant to Art. 50 merchants are not allowed to make payments from their wallets. This is also the case for agent mobile money wallets, which have been abolished by the Policy. In this regard, users can no longer make transactions through mobile money agents. It is reported that this is likely to affect customers in rural Zimbabwe who rely on the agents to access mobile money services. These agents gave rural consumers the opportunity to integrate into the financial system.
Coverage Mobile money

ZIMBABWE

Reported in 2022, last reported in 2024

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Low de minimis threshold
It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 10, below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).
Coverage Horizontal

ZIMBABWE

Since December 2019

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Consumer Protection Act (Chap 14:44) of 2019
The Consumer Protection Act (Chapter 14:44) of 2019 provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions.
Coverage Horizontal

ZIMBABWE

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of signature of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Zimbabwe has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal

ZIMBABWE

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Zimbabwe has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal

ZIMBABWE

Since March 2000

Pillar Domestic data policies  |  Indicator Requirement to allow the government to access personal data collected
Postal and Telecommunications Act, [Chapter 12:05]
The Postal and Telecommunications Act allows the government to intercept ostensibly suspicious communications (Section 98) and requires a telecommunications licensee, such as an ISP, to supply information to government officials upon request. It is not clear whether a court order is required.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

ZIMBABWE

Since December 2021, entry into force in March 2022

Pillar Intermediary liability  |  Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for copyright infringement
Cyber and Data Protection Act [Chapter 12:07]
The Cyber and Data Protection Act provides for a safe harbour regime in Zimbabwe. This is provided for in Section 379C(1), which states that an ISP shall not be responsible or liable for a crime if they have not initiated the transmission, selected the receiver of the transmission and/or modified the information contained in the transmission. Most importantly, the Act provides that the ISPs will not be liable for data carried on their platforms and those of intermediaries if they remove it after a court order. In addition, ISPs and intermediaries will not be liable if they remove the information upon their realisation or gain knowledge that the information is illegal.
Coverage Internet Service Providers

ZIMBABWE

Since December 2021, entry into force in March 2022

Pillar Intermediary liability  |  Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for any activity other than copyright infringement
Cyber and Data Protection Act [Chapter 12:07]
The Cyber and Data Protection Act provides for a safe harbour regime in Zimbabwe. This is provided for in Section 379C(1), which states that an ISP shall not be responsible or liable for a crime if they have not initiated the transmission, selected the receiver of the transmission and/or modified the information contained in the transmission. Most importantly, the Act provides that the ISPs will not be liable for data carried on their platforms and those of intermediaries if they remove it after a court order. In addition, ISPs and intermediaries will not be liable if they remove the information upon their realisation or gain knowledge that the information is illegal.
Coverage Internet Service Providers

ZIMBABWE

Since September 2013

Pillar Intermediary liability  |  Indicator User identity requirement
Postal and Telecommunications (Subscriber Registration) Regulations, 2013
According to Art. 5.1 of the Postal and Telecommunications (Subscriber Registration) Regulations, 2013. Telecommunications providers must each establish a subscriber database of all SIM card holders, connecting their phone number to their name, address, gender, nationality, and passport or ID number. The law obliges service providers to regularly hand over copies of this data to the government, which will then establish its own central subscriber information database.
Coverage Telecommunications service providers

ZIMBABWE

Reported in 2025

Pillar Content access  |  Indicator Presence of Internet shutdowns
Presence of Internet shutdowns
The indicator "7.2.4 - Government Internet shut down in practice" of the V-Dem Dataset, which measures whether the government has the technical capacity to actively make internet service cease, thus interrupting domestic access to the internet or whether the government has decided to do so, has a score of 3 in Zimbabwe for the year 2024. This corresponds to "Rarely but there have been a few occasions throughout the year when the government shut down domestic access to Internet."
Coverage Horizontal

ZIMBABWE

Since February 2002, as amended in September 2003
Since October 2004, last amended in July 2020

Pillar Content access  |  Indicator Licensing schemes for digital services and applications
Broadcasting Services Act

Broadcasting Services (Licensing and Content) Regulations, 2004
According to Art. 7.1 of the Broadcasting Services Act, no person may provide a broadcasting service or operate as a signal carrier in Zimbabwe without a broadcasting licence or a signal carrier licence. Art. 7.2 specifies that a broadcasting licence authorises the licensee to offer various types of broadcasting services, including narrowcasting, datacasting, and webcasting. However, under Art. 8.1, a broadcasting licence can only be issued to individuals who are citizens of Zimbabwe or to a corporate entity in which a controlling interest is held, whether directly or indirectly, by one or more Zimbabwean citizens.
Art. 7 of Broadcasting Services (Licensing and Content) Regulations, 2004 provides the licensing requirements for narrowcasting, datacasting, and webcasting. It is reported that the Zimbabwean authorities might use this section to require licensing fees for video-on-demand and live-streaming services (YouTube, Facebook, Netflix, etc.), and, as a result, smaller companies have to obtain licenses ranging from USD 2,500 to USD 20,000.
Coverage Video-on-demand and live streaming services

ZIMBABWE

N/A

Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition  |  Indicator Functional/accounting separation for operators with significant market power
Lack of mandatory functional separation for dominant network operators
It is reported that Zimbabwe does not mandate functional separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market. However, there is an obligation of accounting separation.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

ZIMBABWE

Since March 2000
Since March 2001, last amended in June 2023

Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition  |  Indicator Licensing restrictions to operate in the telecom market
Postal and Telecommunications Act, [Chapter 12:05]

Postal and Telecommunications (Licensing, Registration and Certification) Regulations, 2001
The Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority, according to Section 36 of the Postal and Telecommunications Act, only issues telecommunications licenses to legal entities in which Zimbabwean citizens hold a "controlling interest", directly or indirectly. However, a license may be issued to a legal entity without such a majority shareholding, provided that within a time period set out in the license, one or more such persons acquire a majority shareholding. A "controlling interest" means that any of the following conditions are met: holding a majority of the shares of the entity; the shares represent more than 50% of the share capital of the entity; the shares are worth more than half of the share capital of the entity; or the shares give their holders a majority or a preponderance of votes in the affairs of the entity.
In addition, the Postal and Telecommunications (Licensing, Registration and Certification) Regulations mandate that Public Licensees with foreign shareholding pay initial license fees in USD proportionate to the foreign shareholding percentage (Subitem 12 in second schedule-Part I). This is in contrast to the fixed scheduled initial fees payable by public licensees without foreign shareholding. By implication, the higher the shareholding proportion by foreigners, the higher the initial fees. Furthermore, the Regulations establish two categories for internet service providers in Zimbabwe. Class A is permitted to offer services like international bandwidth sales, VOIP, and video, while Class B is responsible for nationwide Internet provision. Applicants for Class A licenses are required to pay a registration fee of USD 5.5 million, as increased under the 2020 amendment of the Regulations, while the fee for Class B licenses is set at USD 2.75 million. Licenses for cell phone services involve significantly higher costs, with an establishment fee of USD 137.5 million.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

ZIMBABWE

N/A

Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition  |  Indicator Signature of the WTO Telecom Reference Paper
Lack of appendment of WTO Telecom Reference Paper to schedule of commitments
Zimbabwe has not appended the World Trade Organization (WTO) Telecom Reference Paper to its schedule of commitments.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

Report issue     Report new measure