Canada requires that Canadian citizens comprise at least 80% of the membership of boards of directors of facilities-based telecommunication service suppliers.

Canada is a signatory to several international government procurement agreements that open domestic government procurement to international bidding. According to the Contracting Policy Notice 2021-6 Trade Agreements, the procurement thresholds employ a differentiation based on the procuring agency, namely Entities (departments and agencies) or Crown Corporations and other public corporations. The thresholds for Entities (departments and agencies) range from CAD 100,000 (USD 74,450 approx.) to 238,400 (USD 177,490 approx.). The thresholds for Crown Corporations and other public companies range from 602,200 CAD (USD 448,340 approx.) to 733,600 CAD (USD 546,170 approx.). These thresholds are effective from January 2022 to December 2023.

Although Canada is a signatory to the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), its coverage schedules do not include "telecommunications-related services" (CPC 754), and only one sub-sector of "telecommunications services" (CPC 752), which are both important services sectors for digital trade.

Saskatchewan Telecommunications is the only government-owned company in the Canadian telecommunications market (owned by the province of the same name). According to its statutes, foreign direct investment is not allowed in this company.

The Canadian Free Trade Agreement (CFTA) is an intergovernmental trade agreement signed by Canadian ministers representing the federal government and all 13 provinces and territories. The Agreement commits provincial, territorial and federal governments to a comprehensive set of rules. The Government Procurement Chapter allows a procuring entity to accord a preference for Canadian value-added, except as otherwise required to comply with international obligations, including the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), and provided that its purpose is not to avoid competition or to discriminate against any other Party's goods, services, or suppliers (Art. 503.4(a)). The preference for Canadian value-added is up to 10%, that may be awarded during the evaluation of tenders for Canadian value-added (Art. 520).

In August 2021, the Government of Canada announced that it will be implementing a mandatory requirement for federal departments and agencies to ensure a minimum of 5% of the total value of its contracts are held by Indigenous businesses. To support this mandatory target, Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) announced that it will invest CAD 35.2 million (Approx. USD 26.6 million) over five years to modernize the Procurement Strategy for Aboriginal Business (PSAB, renamed the Procurement Strategy for Indigenous Business (PSIB)), including expanding the scope of the mandatory set-asides and broadening the definition of eligible “Indigenous business”.

The Canadian Free Trade Agreement (CFTA) is an intergovernmental trade agreement signed by Canadian ministers representing the federal government and all 13 provinces and territories. The Agreement commits provincial, territorial and federal governments to a comprehensive set of rules. The Government Procurement Chapter allows a procuring entity from limiting its tendering to Canadian goods, services, or suppliers, except as otherwise required to comply with international obligations, including the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), and provided that its purpose is not to avoid competition or to discriminate against any other Party's goods, services, or suppliers (Art. 503.4(b)).

In March 2014, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), pursuant to subsection 38(1) of the Special Import Measures Act (SIMA), imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty on liquid dielectric transformers having a top power handling capacity equal to or exceeding 60,000 kilovolt amperes (60 megavolt amperes), whether assembled or unassembled, complete or incomplete (HS Code: 850490), originating in or exported from the Republic of Korea. While these products are not directly used to manufacture ICT goods, they are relevant for digital trade as they are used in data centers and telecommunications facilities where servers and digital equipment are housed, playing an important role in ensuring a stable and secure power supply for digital equipment. This measure was reviewed and extended in May 2018. The anti-dumping duty rate on imports from South Korea is 101% of the export price. In February 2023, the Canadian authorities announced the initiation of a sunset review of the definitive duty imposed on imports of the subject good from South Korea, however, the final decision is still pending.

In December 2021, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), pursuant to subsection 38(1) of the Special Import Measures Act (SIMA), imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty on liquid dielectric transformers having a top power handling capacity equal to or greater than 3,000-kilovolt amperes (kVA) (3 megavolt amperes (MVA)), and less than 60,000-kilovolt amperes (kVA) (60 megavolt amperes (MVA)), and having a nominal high voltage rating of greater than 34.5 kilovolts (kV), whether assembled or unassembled, complete or incomplete (HS Code: 850490), originating in or exported from the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei), and the Republic of Korea. While these products are not directly used to manufacture ICT goods, they are relevant for digital trade as they are used in data centers and telecommunications facilities where servers and digital equipment are housed, playing an important role in ensuring a stable and secure power supply for digital equipment. The anti-dumping duty rate on imports from South Korea is 73.1% and the anti-dumping duty rate on imports from Taiwan is 21.3% of the export price.

Canada is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 and its 2015 expansion (ITA II).

Panama has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

Law No. 45 and Executive Decree No. 24 provide a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions. Law No. 45 regulates consumer relations and specifies consumer rights, including the responsibilities of suppliers to the consumer. The Executive Decree No. 24 also provides provisions applicable to the technological storage services and commercial services through the Internet.

Panama has signed but not ratified the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Panama has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.